搜索到333266篇“ POLLUTION“的相关文章
Is the Sundarbans of Bangladesh in a State of Pollution?
2024年
The Sundarbans is the world’s most extensive natural mangrove forest and home to various natural resources. The population in the vicinity has increased, causing more dependency on the resources of the Sundarbans. The increasing industrialization, urbanization, aquaculture, intensive agricultural practices, seaports, tourism facilities, and so on in the peripheral areas of the Sundarbans have made significant changes in the surrounding and upstream land uses of the Sundarbans. This situation may have detrimental influences on the ecosystem components of the Sundarbans. Therefore, it is highly demanded to prepare a piece of baseline information or database of different sources of pollution and their present status in the various components of the Sundarbans. This effort helps to identify issues and concerns, determine the key elements of the ecosystem to monitor the level or overall quality of the Sundarbans ecosystem. The present study systematically collects the potential sources of pollution, types, and current levels in the ecosystem components of the Sundarbans using academic databases, libraries, and online resources. Discharge of industrial waste into water, soil and air, heavy metal pollution, use of agrochemicals, oil (refined and crude) pollution, plastic materials from urban areas, and tourism are the major issues and concerns related to the sustainability of the Sundarbans ecosystem. The air quality of the Sundarbans is in good condition with 0 - 50 AQI of Bangladesh. While BOD, COD, TDS, TSS varied from 2.0 to 3.8 mg/L, 21.6 to 416 mg/L, 146.9 to 24,100 mg/L and 54 to 155 mg/L, respectively. Soil EC, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus ranged from 3.01 - 5.82 mS/cm, 1.41% - 2.69%, 0.51 - 1.05 mg/g, and 0.32 - 0.51 mg/g respectively. The air, water and soil quality parameters varied with the sites and seasons and not much at the state of contamination. Indeed, we must pay much attention to the Sundarbans’ air, water and soil quality with the massive and progressive change of the ne
Mahmood HossainChameli SahaSanjoy SahaHawlader Mohammed Nurul IslamMushfiq AhmedTanvir AhmedAbdul Halim Farhad SikderMd. Mutasim Billah
关键词:ECOSYSTEMMANGROVESPOLLUTIONSUNDARBANS
固体废物污染防治与管理策略探究
2024年
本文讨论了固体废物污染防治与管理中存在的问题,并提出了一些对策建议。首先,分析了不合理的垃圾处理方法的具体表现,包括垃圾填埋、垃圾焚烧和有害废物处理等方面的问题;其次,探讨了推动有效废物分类的具体措施,包括教育和宣传、提供分类设施和制定法规奖惩;最后,讨论了加强焚烧监管的具体措施,包括制定排放标准、确保气体净化系统有效运行及加强监测和透明度。这些措施有助于减轻固体废物污染带来的环境和健康风险,为可持续的废物管理提供支持。
秦广迎
关键词:固体废物污染污染防治污染管理
Challenges and perspectives of air pollution control in China
2024年
Air pollution is one of the most challenging environmental issues in the world.China has achieved remarkable success in improving air quality in last decade as a result of aggressive air pollution control policies.However,the average fine particulate matter(PM2.5)concentration in China is still about six times of the World Health Organization(WHO)Global Air Quality Guidelines(AQG)and causing significant human health risks.Extreme emission reductions of multiple air pollutants are required for China to achieve the AQG.Here we identify the major challenges in future air quality improvement and propose corresponding control strategies.The main challenges include the persistently high health risk attributed to PM2.5 pollution,the excessively loose air quality standards,and coordinated control of air pollution,greenhouse gases(GHGs)emissions and emerging pollutants.To further improve air quality and protect human health,a health-oriented air pollution control strategy shall be implemented by tightening the air quality standards as well as optimizing emission reduction pathways based on the health risks of various sources.In the meantime,an“oneatmosphere”concept shall be adopted to strengthen the synergistic control of air pollutants and GHGs and the control of non-combustion sources and emerging pollutants shall be enhanced.
Bin ZhaoShuxiao WangJiming Hao
我国自然保护区内有机污染的来源和分布规律
2024年
有机污染物在我国自然保护区内已广泛分布于大气、水体(包括沉积物)和土壤等环境介质中,并沿食物网积累,但目前相关研究较为分散。通过对29篇我国自然保护区有机污染相关报道进行整理和归纳,发现如下规律:在污染来源上,大气是最常见的输入途径,而临近保护区的人为活动则导致污染物在点源或小范围面源的高浓度污染;在污染分布上,相比于沉积物和生物,大气、水体和土壤中的污染浓度受和污染源之间距离的影响较小。因此,尽管一些保护区的污染已得到有效控制,新兴有机污染物的在多种介质内的分布和迁移仍然亟待重视,且相关研究数量较少,说明该领域仍需更多关注。
邢静怡刘浩然张英良张超
关键词:自然保护区有机污染土壤污染水体污染生物积累
Increasing impacts of fire air pollution on public and ecosystem health
2024年
Wildfire episodes have become more frequent and severe in recent years.1 Record-breaking fires devastated the Arctic,Amazon,and Australia in 2019–2020.This year,fires began in Canada in May and lasted for several months,resulting in an area burned of 16.5 million hectares by early September.This size is 6–7 times the annual fire area for a normal year in Canada.The favorable fire weather for burning and spread lasted for months(https://cwfis.cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/maps/fw).Furthermore,most Canadian fires occur in remote regions far from firefighting facilities,causing fire extinction to be difficult.Unfortunately,such“unprecedented”fire events occurred routinely in boreal regions between 2020 and 2023,although the locations varied from year to year(Figure 1).
Xu YueYihan HuChenguang TianRongbin XuWenhua YuYuming Guo
关键词:CANADAPOLLUTIONFIGURE
环境污染与DR的关系研究进展
2024年
糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是由持续高血糖状态导致的一种慢性进行性视网膜病变,已成为我国人群中重度视力损伤和盲的主要原因之一。然而,目前对于DR发生和发展的相关因素仍未完全明确。目前研究确认的部分环境污染物,如空气颗粒物、硫化氢、钴、镉、铯、邻苯二甲酸酯、甲基乙二醛和2-哌啶酮等,可能会通过氧化应激、炎症反应和血管内皮细胞生长因子的相关通路增加DR的发病风险或加速病程进展。为了明确环境污染物暴露与DR之间的因果关系和剂量-反应关系,仍需要进一步研究探索具体的发病机制,并进行对环境暴露量化测量的纵向研究。本文就包括空气污染、重金属污染和化学污染在内的环境污染物与DR相关的近期流行病学研究结果和病理生理机制进行综述。
袁天宜(综述)邹海东
关键词:糖尿病视网膜病变环境污染空气污染重金属污染化学污染
典型水污染事故应急处置实用技术探究
2024年
当前水污染事故频发多发态势仍未改变,且突发水污染事故处置有预案、缺技术、少装备的问题依然突出。为满足我国水污染事故应急处置需求,综合考虑应急处置技术的去除、稳定性、设备化、机动化、可操作性和适应性等关键因素,重点探讨了水体藻华、重金属和有机物以及水面油类等污染的实用处置技术,优选出移动式藻华高效打捞脱水一体化处置船、化学絮凝耦合超磁分离技术、集约式一体化快速生化污水处理技术、异相催化氧化等高效处置技术,研究成果可为今后突发水污染事故应急处置提供有效支撑。
张统倪贺伟王守中魏峨尊李志颖
关键词:水污染事故应急处置藻华重金属污染有机污染油污染
燃烧源氨排放对灰霾期间北京大气铵的重要贡献
2024年
Aerosol ammonium(NH_(4)^(+)),mainly produced from the reactions of ammonia(NH_(3))with acids in the atmosphere,has significant impacts on air pollution,radiative forcing,and human health.Understanding the source and formation mechanism of NH_(4)^(+)can provide scientific insights into air quality improvements.However,the sources of NH_(3)in urban areas are not well understood,and few studies focus on NH_(3)/NH_(4)^(+)at different heights within the atmospheric boundary layer,which hinders a comprehensive understanding of aerosol NH_(4)^(+).In this study,we perform both field observation and modeling studies(the Community Multiscale Air Quality,CMAQ)to investigate regional NH_(3)emission sources and vertically resolved NH_(4)^(+)formation mechanisms during the winter in Beijing.Both stable nitrogen isotope analyses and CMAQ model suggest that combustion-related NH_(3)emissions,including fossil fuel sources,NH_(3)slip,and biomass burning,are important sources of aerosol NH_(4)^(+)with more than 60%contribution occurring on heavily polluted days.In contrast,volatilization-related NH_(3)sources(livestock breeding,N-fertilizer application,and human waste)are dominant on clean days.Combustion-related NH_(3)is mostly local from Beijing,and biomass burning is likely an important NH_(3)source(~15%–20%)that was previously overlooked.More effective control strategies such as the two-product(e.g.,reducing both SO_(2)and NH_(3))control policy should be considered to improve air quality.
吴礼彬王芃张强任红Zongbo Shi胡伟陈静谢巧蓉李林杰越思瑶韦莲芳宋琳琳张永根王子涵陈爽韦琬王小曼章炎麟孔少飞葛宝珠杨婷方运霆任露洁邓君俊孙业乐王自发张宏亮胡建林刘丛强Roy M.HarrisonQi Ying傅平青
城镇分流制排水系统初期雨水污染特征与控制对策
2024年
由于我国城镇防洪和排涝及城镇面源污染控制的需求,分流制排水系统在城市中占比不断提升,由其带来的初期雨水污染问题已成为城镇水体污染的主要成因之一。结合国内外研究成果,采用文献计量学方法分析了国内外在分流制排水系统初期雨水污染方面的研究热点,对城镇分流制排水系统初期雨水污染的来源、污染特征、不同控制措施及其削减效能进行了综合分析。结果表明:我国分流制排水系统普遍存在管道沉积问题,城市下垫面及管道沉积物中的污染物是初期雨水污染的主要来源;源头和管道沉积物冲刷是影响初期雨水水质变化特征的主要原因;此外,初期雨水污染还受降雨特征、下垫面类型、雨前晴天数、大气污染状况等多个因素的影响。根据初期雨水的污染来源及特征,应将工程性控制措施和非工程性控制措施相结合,从源头、过程、末端及法律法规等方面进行全方位控制,以减少城镇分流制排水系统初期雨水带来的污染,提升城镇水环境质量。
高雅弘林炳权刘宇轩王振北胡潜齐飞孙德智
关键词:分流制排水系统文献计量学
遵义市坪桥地下水系统锰污染现状及污染模式分析
2024年
以遵义市坪桥地下水系统为研究对象,对系统内丰、枯水期27个相同的地下水监测点进行采样分析,并按照相关技术规范,就锰指标情况对地下水水质进行了分析评价,地下水系统枯水期水质要优于丰水期,从上游向下游,地下水污染程度逐渐加深,且到子系统(Ⅰ)地下水出口水质以V类为主。根据地下水系统锰的分布特征,确定锰污染主要污染源为系统内含锰废渣堆场、污水汇集塘、天磁锰业集团的尾渣库渗滤液回收竖井。结合地下水系统污染源分布特征、废渣堆放方式、污染方式等建立了天磁锰业集团尾渣库及周边地区含锰污染物污染地下水的6种污染模式,并对其污染特性进行了分析总结,同时制作了天磁锰业集团尾渣库及其周边地区地下水锰污染的迁移模式图。
郑泽来冯发青岳齐浩薛粟尹
关键词:地下水系统污染现状污染源污染模式

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