[Objective] The research aimed to compare the photosynthetic rates and growth conditions of four types of Atractylodes Lancea（ Thunb.） DC.. [Method] A. Lancea was divided into four types：the saw-tooth-leaf, the ellipse-leaf, the long-ellipse-leaf as well as the sharp-leaf, according to leaf morphology. The photosynthetic rates of four types of A. Lancea were determined by the portable photosynthetic instrument LI-6400 in natural environment. The parameters such as stem width, stem height, leaf area of single plant of aboveground parts were measured periodically. [Result] The photosynthetic rates of four types of A. Lancea were： the saw-tooth-leaf 20. 2 μmol/（ m^2·s）, the ellipse-leaf 18.96 μmol/（m^2·s）, the long-ellipse-leaf 15.6 μmol/（ m^2·s） and the sharp-leaf 17.6 μmol/（m^2·s）, respectively. The photosynthetic rate of the saw-tooth-leaf was higher than the other three types. The growth rate of the saw-tooth-leaf was the highest in the four types at 0.01 level. [Conclusion] The research provided certain theoretic basis for further research on A. Lancea.
