Periodic density functional theory was applied to investigate the reaction mechanism for the methylation of toluene with methanol over HZSM-5.The results indicated that toluene could be methylated at its para,meta,ortho and geminal positions via a concerted or stepwise pathway.For the concerted pathway,the calculated free energy barriers for the para,meta,ortho and geminal methylation reactions were 167,138,139 and 183 kJ/mol,respectively.For the stepwise pathway,the dehydration of methanol was found to be the rate-determining step with a free energy barrier of145 kj/mol,whereas the free energy barriers for the methylation of toluene at its para,meta,ortho and geminal positions were 127,105,106 and 114 kj/mol,respectively.Both pathways led to the formation of C8H11^＋ species as important intermediates,which could back-donate a proton to the zeolite framework via a reorientation process or form gaseous products through demethylation.Methane was formed via an intramolecular hydrogen transfer reaction from a ring carbon of the C8H11^＋ species to the carbon of the methyl group,with calculated energy barriers of 136,132 and134 kj/mol for the para,meta and ortho C8H11^＋ species,respectively.The calculated free energy barriers for the formation of para-,meta- and ortho-xylene indicated that the formation of the para-xylene had the highest energy barrier for both pathways.
以HF改性的Pt/ZSM-5为催化剂,研究了其在苯和甲醇烷基化反应的应用,并用XRD、NH_3-TPD、BET等表征方法研究了改性前后催化剂酸性和孔结构变化。结果表明,经HF改性后,Pt/ZSM-5催化剂的酸性增强、酸量增加,苯和甲醇烷基化反应性能明显提升。3%HF-0.2%Pt/ZSM-5催化剂催化苯和甲醇烷基化反应时,甲苯和二甲苯选择性达到92.20%。但是,HF负载量大于6%时,HF脱除的部分骨架硅和骨架铝会堆积在催化剂孔道内部,限制了反应物和产物的扩散,造成其催化性能下降。通过计算得到了HF改性的Pt/ZSM-5催化剂上苯和甲醇烷基化反应的活化能为118 k J/mol。
