The research progress and major achievements on genetic breeding, het- erosis utilization of rapeseed in Henan Province were summarized, with the aim to provide technical guidance for rapeseed genetic breeding in the future work. Faced with the problems of lack of special varieties, highly demand for healthy oil and high production cost in rapeseed production in recent years, the breeding goals of rapeseed have been adjusted from high yield, high quality and disease resistance to high oil, high oleic acid, adaptative to mechanization, late planting resistance. The breeding technologies mainly focused on the isolated microspore culture, molecular marker assisted selection, and the corresponding high efficiency technical systems were constructed. The innovative research on excellent germplasm resources were carried on, which created and established breeding populations and distinctive new germplasm resources with diverse variations such as high oil content, high oleic acid content and low linolenic acid, cold resistance, drought resistance, pod shatter resistance and different flower color variations. A series of rapeseed hybrids of dou- ble low varieties with strong heterosis and high oil contents were released and these hybrids significantly improved seed yield, quality and resistance. The average yield of rapeseed in Henan Province was 22.49% higher than the national average yield in 2003-2015. All of the achievements provided strong technical support for the upgrading of rapeseed varieties and increasing both production and income.
对6个甘蓝型单、双低油菜细胞质雄性不育(Cytoplasmic Male Sterile)杂种的抗寒性、抗病性优势的研究结果表明:杂种的抗寒性无超亲优势出现,冻害指数介于双亲之间。因此,在选择亲本时,一定要兼顾双亲的抗寒性。杂种的病毒病发病指数稍低于对应的亲本,但无明显的优势,其中只有两个组合出现超亲优势,说明通过选择有可能选育出比亲本抗病毒病能力稍强的杂种。杂种对菌核病的抗性偏向抗病性强的亲本,但没有超亲优势出现。因此,在育种工作中,要尽可能选择抗病性较强的亲本。