数字相机是一种利用电子传感器把静态光学模拟影像转换成数字影像并记录在数字存储设备中的照相机。英文全称:Digital Still Camera(DSC),简称:Digital Camera(DC),一般称为数码相机。根据结构不同可以分为单反相机、旁轴相机、微单相机、中画幅相机等等。数字相机的基本操作比较简单,早已成为考古调查与发掘、文化遗产保护现场记录影像信息的最重要工具。随着多视角三维重建、倾斜摄影等技术的广泛运用,拍摄数字影像的工作就显得更加频繁,对影像质量的要求也随之不断提高。但是考古工地的很多同仁对数字相机一些概念、设置、参数等并不熟悉,基本上都是使用照相机的自动挡进行拍摄,成像效果只能说差强人意。能够掌握数字相机的各项功能、拍摄好每一幅影像却成为很多同仁望尘莫及的事情。为此,很有必要对数字相机的功能和操作进行一些简略的介绍,以便各位同仁每次拍摄都能获得令人满意的影像。
The Beiyangping site lies in the northwest of Lingbao, Henan, 20km west of the city proper, in the middle and south of the small Yangping plateau, and west of Beiyangping village. It occupies an area of 900,000 sq m. On the site are remains of the Miaodigou Ⅰ phase of Yangshao culture and the Eastern Zhou culture. The former include house-foundations, ash-pits and tombs. Among the unearthed objects are the pottery ding tripod, fu cauldron, stove, urn, vat, pot, cup, dish, turntable,stand, cover, ball, ring, spindle-whorl and human head, the stone axe, knife, arrowhead, ball, pearl and microblade, bone hairpin, spoon and awl, and horn awl. The remains of the Eastern Zhou culture comprise ash-pits and tombs, as well as the pottery jar, dou stemmed vessel and li tripod, bronze and iron belt-hook, crystal ring, and shell ornament.
