Seismic inversion is a highly ill-posed problem, due to many factors such as the limited seismic frequency bandwidth and inappropriate forward modeling. To obtain a unique solution, some smoothing constraints, e.g., the Tikhonov regularization are usually applied. The Tikhonov method can maintain a global smooth solution, but cause a fuzzy structure edge. In this paper we use Huber-Markov random-field edge protection method in the procedure of inverting three parameters, P-velocity, S-velocity and density. The method can avoid blurring the structure edge and resist noise. For the parameter to be inverted, the Huber- Markov random-field constructs a neighborhood system, which further acts as the vertical and lateral constraints. We use a quadratic Huber edge penalty function within the layer to suppress noise and a linear one on the edges to avoid a fuzzy result. The effectiveness of our method is proved by inverting the synthetic data without and with noises. The relationship between the adopted constraints and the inversion results is analyzed as well.
有限差分方法(Finite Difference Method,FDM)是波动方程正演数值模拟领域应用最为广泛的方法之一,然而,当模拟区域不规则或者地表起伏不平时,规则网格有限差分法求解波动方程会产生阶梯状近似,影响模拟的精度。借助贴体网格技术,将不规则的物理区域转换为规则的计算域,给出了贴体坐标系下的二维声波方程及其二阶精度的分部求和(Summation by Parts,SBP)有限差分离散格式,采用Fourier谱分析方法分析了该离散格式的稳定性,得到了贴体网格二维声波方程SBP有限差分方法的稳定性条件。数值实验结果表明:1当时间采样间隔的选取满足稳定性条件时,贴体网格SBP有限差分的数值计算过程是稳定的;2与贴体网格中心差分方法相比,贴体网格SBP有限差分方法的稳定性更好。
The absorption effect of actual subsurface media can weaken wavefield energy, decrease the dominating frequency, and further lead to reduced resolution. In migration, some actions can be taken to compensate for the absorption effect and enhance the resolution. In this paper, we derive a one-way wave equation with an attenuation term based on the time- space domain high angle one-way wave equation. A complicated geological model is then designed and synthetic shot gathers are simulated with acoustic wave equations without and with an absorbing term. The derived one-way wave equation is applied to the migration of the synthetic gathers without and with attenuation compensation for the simulated shot gathers. Three migration profiles are obtained. The first and second profiles are from the shot gathers without and with attenuation using the migration method without compensation, the third one is from the shot gathers with attenuation using the migration method with compensation. The first and third profiles are almost the same, and the second profile is different from the others below the absorptive layers. The amplitudes of the interfaces below the absorptive layers are weak because of their absorption. This method is also applied to field data. It is concluded from the migration examples that the migration method discussed in this paper is feasible.
