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国家自然科学基金(51290284)

作品数:16 被引量:96H指数:7
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16 条 记 录,以下是 1-10
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单过硫酸氢钾复合粉用于饮用水消毒的效果研究被引量:10
2017年
向受试水样中分别投加单过硫酸氢钾复合粉和次氯酸钠,比较了复合粉和氯消毒的消毒副产物生成量。同时,就该复合粉对常见金属的腐蚀性和其有效成分的持久性进行研究。试验结果表明,单过硫酸氢钾复合粉投加量达1.0mg/L以上时,对大肠杆菌有明显的杀灭作用。当复合粉投加量为2.0mg/L,作用时间为30min时,其对大肠杆菌的灭活率为99.99%。其在试验条件下对枯草芽孢杆菌的芽孢悬液无杀灭作用。复合粉对实际水样的消毒效果较好,对于田村山水厂活性炭池出水,投加量达到1mg/L时,HPC计数低于500CFU/mL。对比氯消毒,复合粉消毒产生的三卤甲烷(THMs)和卤乙酸(HAAs)的含量更低。另外,复合粉溶液对常见金属和给水管材基本无腐蚀或者呈中度腐蚀,溶液中的有效成分具有较强的持久性。
敖秀玮李豪杰刘文君余京儒
关键词:消毒消毒副产物腐蚀性
pH值对活性炭吸附水中磺胺类抗生素的影响研究被引量:13
2015年
近年来水源水中磺胺类抗生素的污染问题日益受到关注。活性炭吸附可有效去除水中的磺胺类抗生素,但吸附行为受p H值影响大。选取F-400型煤质活性炭作为吸附剂,在不同p H值(p H值=2、4、7、11)下开展对4种典型磺胺类抗生素的吸附特性研究。结果表明,磺胺类抗生素在活性炭上的吸附动力学可用拟二级动力学方程表征;在试验平衡浓度条件下,其吸附容量可用Freundlich等温式和Langmuir等温式表征。4种磺胺类抗生素的吸附量随p H值的变化与其中性分子的百分含量变化有相同的规律,推测其吸附量随p H值的改变是由π-π色散力作用、疏水作用以及静电力作用的改变引起的。
李雪冰付浩林朋飞马豫鲁瞿强勇汪隽陈超张晓健
关键词:磺胺类抗生素活性炭PH值吸附动力学吸附等温线
混凝对不同腐殖质生成氯代消毒副产物的影响被引量:5
2016年
用腐殖酸1、腐殖酸2及国产富里酸三种腐殖质进行配水试验,研究了混凝对消毒副产物前体物的去除。结果表明:当聚氯化铝投加量为0-12mg/L时,混凝对腐殖酸1、腐殖酸2及国产富里酸的DOC最高去除率分别为74%、75%、18%;SUVA最高去除率分别为64%、62%、19%。混凝可选择性去除腐殖酸来源的消毒副产物前体物,如对其单位DOC的卤乙酸生成势去除率最高为53%,三卤甲烷为45%。这种选择性作用在富里酸配水体系中不显著。混凝对三种腐殖质单位DOC的水合三氯乙醛生成势基本没有影响;二氯乙腈仅来源于富里酸,混凝对其单位DOC生成势最高可降低24%。当原水中富里酸含量较高时,不适合用常规工艺控制消毒副产物生成。
唐楠王小杨宏伟解跃峰
关键词:富里酸聚氯化铝卤乙酸三卤甲烷
Comparison of different combined treatment processes to address the source water with high concentration of natural organic matter during snowmelt period被引量:2
2015年
The source water in one forest region of the Northeast China had very high natural organic matter(NOM) concentration and heavy color during snowmelt period. The efficiency of five combined treatment processes was compared to address the high concentration of NOM and the mechanisms were also analyzed. Conventional treatment can hardly remove dissolved organic carbon(DOC) in the source water. KMn O4pre-oxidization could improve the DOC removal to 22.0%. Post activated carbon adsorption improved the DOC removal of conventional treatment to 28.8%. The non-sufficient NOM removal could be attributed to the dominance of large molecular weight organic matters in raw water, which cannot be adsorbed by the micropore upon activated carbon. O3+ activated carbon treatment are another available technology for eliminating the color and UV254 in water. However, its performance of DOC removal was only 36.4%, which could not satisfy the requirement for organic matter. The limited ozone dosage is not sufficient to mineralize the high concentration of NOM. Magnetic ion-exchange resin combined with conventional treatment could remove 96.2%of color, 96.0% of UV254 and 87.1% of DOC, enabling effluents to meet the drinking water quality standard. The high removal efficiency could be explained by the negative charge on the surface of NOM which benefits the static adsorption of NOM on the anion exchange resin. The results indicated that magnetic ion-exchange resin combined with conventional treatment is the best available technology to remove high concentration of NOM.
Pengfei LinXiaojian ZhangJun WangYani ZengShuming LiuChao Chen
O_3-BAC工艺对含溴水体消毒副产物生成势的影响被引量:3
2014年
该文主要研究了含溴水体在经过臭氧-生物活性炭(O3-BAC)工艺处理前后消毒副产物生成势的变化。通过加氯培养测定三卤甲烷(THMs)和卤乙酸(HAAs)的生成势。结果表明:进水经过臭氧-生物活性炭系统处理后,总三卤甲烷(TTHM)和9种卤乙酸(HAA9)的生成势均降低了20μg/L左右,抑制率在30%以上。其中,主要去除的是一些含氯的消毒副产物如三氯甲烷、二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸的前体物。当原水中含有高质量浓度的Br-时,臭氧化可能会导致含溴消毒副产物(如三溴甲烷、一溴乙酸和二溴乙酸)占总消毒副产物的分配比例升高。同时,研究表明:活性炭对于溴代副产物(Br-DBPs)前体物的去除效果低于氯代副产物(ClDBPs),因此在经过Q3-BAC工艺处理后,消毒副产物生成势中,溴代产物所占分配比例进一步增加。
杨宏伟王昊宇刘云霞刘文君杨少霞
Powdered activated carbon adsorption of two fishy odorants in water: Trans,trans-2,4-heptadienal and trans,trans-2,4-decadienal被引量:9
2015年
Powdered activated carbon(PAC) adsorption of two fishy odorants, trans,trans-2,4-heptadienal(HDE) and trans,trans-2,4-decadienal(DDE), was investigated. Both the pseudo first-order and the pseudo second-order kinetic models well described the kinetics curves, and DDE was more readily removed by PAC. In isotherm tests, both Freundlich and Modified Freundlich isotherms fitted the experimental data well. PAC exhibited a higher adsorption capacity for DDE than for HDE, which could be ascribed to the difference in their hydrophobicity. The calculated thermodynamic parameters(ΔG^0, ΔH^0, and ΔS^0) indicated an exothermic and spontaneous adsorption process. PAC dosage, p H, and natural organic matter(NOM) presence were found to influence the adsorption process. With increasing PAC dosage, the pseudo first-order and pseudo second-order rate constants both increased. The value of p H had little influence on HDE or DDE molecules but altered the surface charge of PAC, and the maximum adsorption capacity occurred at p H 9. The presence of NOM, especially the fraction with molecular weight less than1 k Dalton, hindered the adsorption. The study showed that preloaded NOM impaired the adsorption capacity of HDE or DDE more severely than simultaneously fed NOM did.
Xin LiJun WangXiaojian ZhangChao Chen
Comparative genotoxicity of water processed by three drinking water treatment plants with different water treatment procedures被引量:2
2020年
Advanced water treatment is commonly used to remove micropollutants such as pesticides,endocrine disrupting chemicals,and disinfection byproducts in modem drinking water treatment plants.However,little attention has been paid to the changes in the genotoxicity of substances remaining in the water following the different water treatment processes.In this study,samples were collected from three drinking water treatment plants with different treatment processes.The treated water from each process was analyzed and compared for genotoxicity and the formation of organic compounds.The genotoxicity was evaluated by an umu test,and the acute and chronic toxicity was analyzed through Ecological Structure-Activity Relationship(ECOSAR).The results of the umu test indicated that biological activated carbon reduced the genotoxicity by 38%,77%,and 46%in the three drinking water treatment plants,respectively,while chlorination increased the genotoxicity.Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds were major contributors to genotoxicity.The results of ECOSAR were not consistent with those of the umu test.Therefore,we conclude that genotoxicity cannot be determined using ECOSAR.
Ting ZhangHeze LiuYiyuan ZhangWenjun SunXiuwei Ao
关键词:GENOTOXICITY
Adsorption of chlorophenols from aqueous solutions by pristine and surface functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes被引量:2
2016年
The adsorption of six kinds of chlorophenols on pristine, hydroxylated and carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs) has been investigated. Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models were used to describe the kinetic data. All adsorption isotherms were well fitted with Langmuir, Freundlich and Polanyi–Manes models, due to surface adsorption dominating the adsorption process. The close linear relationship between log Kowand log Kdsuggested that hydrophobicity played an important role in the adsorption. The SWCNTs' adsorption capacity for chlorophenols was weakened by addition of oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface, due to the loss of specific surface area, the increase of hydrophilicity and the reduction of π–π interaction. The best adsorption capacity of pristine SWCNTs, SWCNT-OH and SWCNT-COOH for six chlorophenols varied from 19 to 84 mg/g, from 19 to 65 mg/g and from 17 to 65 mg/g,respectively. The effect of pH on the adsorption of 2,6-dichlorophenol(2,6-DCP), was also studied. When p H is over the pK aof 2,6-dichlorophenol(2,6-DCP), its removal dropped sharply. When ionic strength increased(Na Cl or KCl concentration from 0 to 0.02 mmol/L),the adsorption capacity of 2,6-DCP on pristine SWCNTs decreased slightly. The comparison of chlorophenols adsorption by SWCNTs, MWCNTs and PAC was made, indicating that the adsorption rate of CNTs was much faster than that of PAC. The results provide useful information about the feasibility of SWCNTs as an adsorbent to remove chlorophenols from aqueous solutions.
Han DingXin LiJun WangXiaojian ZhangChao Chen
南中国海表层海水重金属含量及其潜在生态风险分析被引量:17
2017年
为了解南中国海重金属含量现状及其潜在风险,采集南中国海16个采样点站位的表层海水样,分析重金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd含量及相关环境参数,并用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法评价其生态风险.结果表明,Cu含量范围为0.012~0.127mg/L,Pb含量范围为0.051~1.113mg/L,Zn含量范围为0.045~0.186mg/L,Cd含量范围为0.047~0.324mg/L,重金属平均含量均超过我国海水水质三类标准.4种重金属间呈显著相关性,重金属与不同环境参数间也存在显著相关性,这可能与它们的污染来源相同有关.经重金属潜在生态风险指数分析,平均RI值为873.87,已具极强生态危害,其中Cd对生态危害贡献最大,海洋生态风险影响程度依次为Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn.提示应重点加强海洋环境生态危害较大重金属的监测.
刘慧杰刘文君刘继平麦成海郑鑫楠
关键词:重金属生态风险
水中典型磺胺类抗生素的活性炭吸附性质探究被引量:11
2016年
磺胺类抗生素是一类水环境中常见的药品和个人护理品(PPCPs)。前期研究表明活性炭吸附可有效去除水中的磺胺类抗生素。选取常用水处理活性炭——F-400型煤质活性炭作为吸附剂,研究其对8种典型磺胺类抗生素的吸附特性。结果表明,磺胺类抗生素在活性炭上的吸附动力学可用拟二级动力学模型表征;在试验平衡浓度条件下,其吸附容量可用Freundlich等温式和Langmuir等温式表征。采用Langmuir等温式参数b·qm来表征磺胺类抗生素的可吸附性,建立该参数与磺胺物化参数的相关关系。结果表明,相对分子质量、分子极化率和正辛醇水分配系数与b·qm成正相关,溶解度与b·qm成负相关。
李雪冰付浩林朋飞汪隽瞿强勇陈超张晓健
关键词:磺胺吸附动力学吸附等温线活性炭物化性质
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