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国家自然科学基金(40771014)

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11 条 记 录,以下是 1-10
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Dynamic Evolvement of Agricultural System and Typical Patterns of Modern Agriculture in Coastal China:A Case of Suzhou被引量:10
2009年
Based on dynamic theory of system, agriculture is a complex system composed by element, structure, function and development. Firstly, this paper analyzes their connotation and relationship, which could be simply described that in virtue of element integrating and structure optimizing, agricultural system may achieve multifunctionality to meet increasingly diverse demands. As a case study of Suzhou, it concludes that Suzhou has a LP-dependence on agricultural element, and the growth extent of agricultural productivity correlates to the ratio of agricultural labor reduc- ing rate to farmland reducing rate. Agricultural structure of Suzhou changed with time, and in the early 1980s and 2000s it was most notable. Correspondingly, agricultural function has experienced a succession process: 'production', 'production-living', and 'production-living-ecology'. At last, based on questionnaires and interviews, some new characteristics and problems of agricultural development in coastal developed region of China have been put forward. Meanwhile, some typical patterns of modern agriculture in Suzhou which adapt to system evolving are also brought up such as export-oriented agriculture, enterprises-leading agriculture, agricultural science and technology parks, characteristic and stereoscopic agriculture, tourism and sightseeing agriculture.
ZHAI RongxinLIU Yansui
关键词:SUZHOU
国际土地资源开发利用战略初探被引量:4
2010年
本文阐明了推进国际土地资源开发利用的战略意义,基于我国粮食需求与开发优势,结合国际粮食生产与贸易格局分析,指出东南亚与南美洲是我国进行国际土地资源投资开发利用的重点地区,北美洲、欧洲与大洋洲在今后较长时期内只能作为我国进口粮食供应地区。基于目标国家的政局稳定性、开垦意愿、引进资金需求、与我国外交关系及国际合作历史等5个方面构建评价指标体系以选择主要合作国家,并结合土地资源开发利用现状对目标国家进行了类型划分,再依据类型划分结果初步探讨了合理开发利用国际土地资源的战略措施,即国际粮食市场直接购买、获利型土地投资开发利用与粮食返销型土地投资开发利用等三种战略,从组建开发企业、建立完善金融保险体制和完善税收与劳务输出体制等方面提出了相应的政策保障措施。
邹健龙花楼胡智超
关键词:粮食安全
改革开放以来中国东部沿海发达地区农业发展态势与可持续对策被引量:9
2009年
探讨东部沿海发达地区农业发展演变规律,是明确新时期农业发展战略决策、构建农业可持续发展模式的基本依据。改革开放以来,东部沿海发达地区农业发展演变规律分析表明:①农业生产大致经历了复苏发展-快速发展-缓慢发展-加快发展4个阶段,已由传统的、单一的农业发展模式转向农、林、牧、渔业综合发展,这是我国农业发展政策不断调整发展的客观反映;②受建设占用耕地以及抛荒、撂荒等综合因素的影响,农作物播种面积不断减少,年均减少233.38×104hm2,粮食作物播种面积占农作物总播种面积的比重逐步下降(从78.74%下降到63.10%);③粮食产量呈先增加后减少趋势,占全国的比重逐步下降(从35.36%下降到26.38%);油料作物、水果和水产品产量显著提升。以农业的生产、社会、生态和文化功能为导向,充分借助工业化与城镇化的有利外部环境,大力发展都市型、外向型、特色型农业,加快农业园区化、基地化建设,是未来农业发展的基本方向。
张富刚刘彦随张潆文翟荣新
关键词:农业发展沿海发达地区
中国粮食生产时空格局动态及其优化策略探析被引量:84
2009年
新中国成立以来,中国粮食生产总体上呈现波动上升的趋势,在区域上粮食生产重心出现"北进中移"的态势,粮食产销格局已由"南粮北调"转变为"北粮南调"。利用相关统计资料,简要分析了中国粮食生产变化趋势。从生产和消费角度,基于区域粮食产量差异和比较优势指数模型,对1990—2005年各地区粮食生产的区域变化进行了定量分析,其结果验证了我国粮食生产格局变动的总体特征。在全国人均粮食产量略有增加的背景下,部分省区人均粮食占有量有不同程度的降低,尤其是沿海经济发达省区的粮食生产呈现快速下降态势。为了保障国家粮食安全,应当在发掘各地区粮食生产潜力的同时,充分发挥粮食作物的区域比较优势,保障和稳定基地化的农业生产,着力提高粮食综合生产能力。
刘彦随翟荣新
关键词:粮食生产粮食安全比较优势中国粮食主产区
针阔混交林次生演替过程中的群落组成及元素迁移特征
2008年
针阔混交林次生演替过程中的群落组成及元素迁移特征具有重要的生态学意义。本文以吉林省左家自然保护区处不同演替阶段的红松针阔混交林群落为研究对象,采用野外定点调查和室内分析方法,对杂类草、榛子灌丛、蒙古栎林、蒙古栎-黑桦林、杂木林的群落组成、凋落物和土壤A、B层营养元素迁移特征进行对比分析。结果表明:群落由杂类草演替为杂木林群落,生境发生了由干热向温湿方向的变化;元素迁移由有机质的表聚为主过渡为有机质、粘粒和营养元素明显下移,pH值由偏中性转为弱酸性。
刘惠清许嘉巍刘佳雪
关键词:红松针阔混交林演替过程
东部沿海地区农村发展功能定位与生产要素整合模式探讨被引量:14
2009年
东部沿海地区农业与农村发展进入了快速转型与升级的新阶段,现代农业、村庄整治、农村信息化建设成为新形势下沿海农业与农村发展的重要内容;与此同时,农业资源低效利用、农村环境污染、农村集体经济薄弱等一系列问题日益凸显。明确农村地域的粮食安全、经济安全、社会安全和生态安全功能定位,以农村生产要素整合为切入点,进而实施农村生产要素的空间整合(包括生态空间整合、生产空间整合和生活空间整合)、组织整合和产业整合,能够有效引领农村社会经济的有序健康发展。
张富刚刘彦随张潆文
关键词:新农村建设
Characteristics and Mechanism of Agricultural Transformation in Typical Rural Areas of Eastern China:A Case Study of Yucheng City,Shandong Province被引量:11
2010年
Rural off-farm employment,rapid loss of agricultural land,and advanced technology popularization had led agricultural production in Chinese typical rural areas come at a critical transformation and upgrade stage.Based on sample survey data gathered from 401 households in Yucheng City,Shandong Province,this paper focuses on the characteristics and mechanism of agricultural transformation in typical rural areas of the eastern China.It was found that 74.3% of households surveyed kept at least one member engaging in off-farm employment,and 57.1% looked forward to expanding the operational scale of arable land,while just 13.7% had actually transferred their agricultural land.Since growing off-farm employment does not result in the collapse of traditional subsistence agriculture,therefore,agricultural production in Yucheng City is at an incomplete transformation phase from traditional small-holder farming to modern scale economy.It is caused by both macro environments and family characteristics,while urban-rural dual structure,imperfect rural development policy and agricultural technology popularization make peasant economy strengthen upon maintenance,and small-holder farming becomes peasant's natural response owing to pluriactivity,local off-farm employment,reverse elimination,etc.In order to achieve smooth agricultural transformation of typical rural areas in the eastern China,it needs to promote professional differentiation among peasants,under clear policies adopted by central government.Providing comprehensive services for agricultural production and improving production skills and knowledge of farmers who are still living in the countryside will effectively stimulate the process of agricultural transformation.
CHEN YangfenLIU YansuiXU Keshuai
吉林省大黑山东西坡黑土退化的对比分析被引量:3
2009年
选取吉林省大黑山东西坡台地农田系统的12组土壤样品,采用常规分析的方法对土壤有机质、全N、速效N、全P、速效P和速效K进行测试。利用独立样本T检验和相关分析的方法对数据进行单因子和多因子的综合分析,探讨成土母质、水、热条件等因素对黑土养分变化的影响。结果表明:大黑山东西两侧台地上黑土养分差异明显,西坡较东坡黑土肥力高,东坡比西坡黑土退化严重。产生这种差异的原因与地形差异和人类干扰关联不大,主要和东西坡两侧的成土母质、地方气候的异质性相关。这一结论对从地方尺度研究交错带这一特殊区域黑土退化的本质有一定的指导意义,为更合理地利用黑土资源提供理论依据。
王晓东刘惠清樊政霖
关键词:自然地理学黑土退化交错带
中国粮食供给安全性时空格局演变研究
本文从资源保障能力、粮食供应能力与农地集约利用水平的角度构建我国粮食供给安全性评价指标体系,分析了改革开放以来各地区粮食供给安全水平的时空演变格局。结果表明:①东西部地区粮食供给安全水平存在较大差异,并随着社会经济的差异...
龙花楼邹健
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System analysis and path choice for modern agricultural development:a case study of Suzhou
2009年
From the view of system theory, modern agriculture in a region embodies elements conformity, structure optimization, multi-functionality and sustainable development. This paper first expounds on the relationship among agricultural elements, structure, function and development theoretically, compartmentalizes agriculture types based on human-land elements matching, and depicts the development path of agricultural multi-functionality. it shows that the matching of human-land elements is a key to agricultural types, and the multi-functionality is an indication of agricultural development stages. At last, as a case study of Suzhou in eastern coastal area, the paper analyzes the evolvement situation and developing mechanism and some typical models of modern agriculture which suit to agriculture system evolvement. The results .show that in Suzhou the agriculture productivity, has improved greatly; And along with the agriculture structure optimizing, agriculture function has translated from "production " to "non- production and production ". With simulation of agricultural trend in Suzhou, it is .found that Suzhou has a LP- dependence (labor productivity) on agricultural element, so Suzhou will has much more potential in land productivity. Based on the above analysis on agricultural system, some typical patterns on modern agriculture in Suzhou are brought up, such as export-oriented agriculture, enterprises-leading agriculture, science and technology, parks agriculture, stereoseopic agriculture, and tourism and sightseeing agriculture.
Zhai RongxinLiu Yansui
关键词:PATHSUZHOU
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