In this paper, physical property parameters including density, viscosity and surface tension of different contents of diesel-gasoline blend fuel were measured and analyzed. The experiments were performed on the diesel gasoline blend fuels with 4 different volume fractions of diesel(20%, 40%, 60% and 80%) at temperature from 5℃ to 65℃. The influence of temperature and diesel content on the blends' properties was summarized based on experimental data, formulas about the material parameters were established, and the accuracy of these formulas was verified. Besides, saturated vapor pressure, freezing point and flash point of the blend fuel have also been measured and analyzed, and a database of the material parameters of the blends was also established.
Based on the high flux synchrotron X-ray of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), high precision 3D digital models of diesel nozzle tips have been established by X-ray micro-tomography technology, which reveal the internal surfaces and structures of orifices. To analyze the machining precision and characteristics of orifice processing methods, an ap- proach is presented based on the parameters of the internal structures of nozzle orifices, including the nozzle diameter, the orifice inner surface waviness, the eccentricity distance and the angle between orifices. Using this approach, two kinds of nozzle orifice processing methods, computerized numerical control drilling and electric discharge machining, have been studied and compared. The results show that this approach enables a simple, direct, and comprehensive contrastive analysis of nozzle orifice processing methods. When processing a single orifice, the electric discharge machining method has obvious advantages. However, when there are multiple orifices, the error levels of the two methods are similar in relation to the symmetry of distribution of the orifices.
Zhi-jun WU Zhi-long LI Wei-di HUANG Hui-feng GONG Ya GAO Jun DENG Zong-jie HU
Based on schlieren imaging method the shock wave generated by diesel injector has been investigated,and the influences of ambient gas property, the progress of the spray, ambient gas density and ambient gas temperature on shock wave have been analyzed. The results show that:the images of spray shock wave are cleaner using sulfur hexafluoride(SF6) as ambient gas than using the nitrogen(N2); at the beginning of injection, shock wave phenomenon does not generate immediately as the fuel leave the nozzle because of the needle movement, and the hesitation is decided by the injection condition and characteristics of injector. The generation of shock wave in the spray tip and the detachment of shock wave from the spray tip show little effect on the spray macroscopic characteristics. The ambient gas density and temperature have a significant effect on the maximum of spray tip velocity, types of shock wave and the detachment timing of shock wave from the spray tip.
Spray behavior is regarded as one of the main factors influencing engine performances, fuel consumption and emissions for diesel engines. Under high injection pressure, diesel spray behaviors are extremely sensitive to the nozzle internal geometries, especially the geometric structures of orifice entrance. Based on the synchrotron radiation X-ray tomography technique, the 3D digital models of nozzle tips can be constructed. A new automatic method is presented to reveal the inlet structures according to these nozzle orifice models. The planes passing through the orifice axis are determined and used to cut the models, and then the corresponding cutting images are applied to measure the inlet chamfer radii around the orifice axis automatically. The orifices of a single-hole nozzle and an eight-hole nozzle are measured according to this method. The results show that this method can automatically measure the orifice inlet chamfer radii around the orifice axis with high precision. The obtained inlet chamfer radius shows the whole profile of the orifice entrance, which is a precise feedback for nozzle designing and manufacturing, and it also provides precise geometrical boundary conditions for the study of spray behaviors.
This study focused on the effects of vessel and water temperatures on direct injection in internal combustion Rankine cycle engines through experimental and numerical methods.First,a study was carried out with schlieren photography using a high-speed camera for simultaneous liquid–gas diagnoses.Water was directly injected into a constant-volume vessel that provided stable boundaries.We wrote a MATLAB program to calculate spray tip penetration and cone angle from the images.For the further extension of boundary conditions,a numerical model was established and calibrated in AVL-FIRE for the thorough analysis of injection characteristics.Both experimental and numerical results indicated that injection and vessel temperatures have different effects on spray tip penetration.An increase in injected water temperature leads to shorter spray tip penetration,while the spray tip penetration increases with increasing vessel temperature.However,increased injection and vessel temperatures can both decrease the spray cone angle.Moreover,the simulation results also suggested that heat conduction is a main factor in boosting evaporation under top dead center conditions.When the internal energy of water parcels surges,these parcels evaporate immediately.These results are helpful and crucial for internal combustion engines equipped with direct water injection technology.
