SETDB1 has been established as an oncogene in a number of human carcinomas. The present study was to evaluate the expression of SETDB1 in prostate cancer （PCa） tissues and cells and to preliminarily investigate the role of SETDB1 in prostate tumorigenesis in vitro. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （qRT-PCR） and immunohistochemistry （IHC） were used to detect the expression of SETDB1 in PCa tissues, adjacent normal tissues, benign prostatic hyperplasia （BPH） tissues, PCa cell lines and normal prostate epithelial cells. The results suggested that SETDB1 was upregulated in human PCa tissues compared with normal tissues at the mRNA and protein levels. The role of SETDB1 in proliferation was analyzed with cell counting kit-8, colony-forming efficiency and flow cytometry assays. The results indicated that downregulation of SETDB1 by siRNA inhibited PCa cell growth, and induced GO/G1 cell cycle arrest. The PCa cell migration and invasion decreased by silcencing SETDBt which were assessed by using in vitro scratch and transwell invasion assay respectively. Our data suggested that SETDB1 is overexpressed in human PCa. Silencing SETDB1 inhibited PCa cell proliferation, migration and invasion.
Yi SunMin WeiShan-Cheng RenRui ChenWei-Dong XuFu-Bo WangJi LuJian ShenYong-Wei YuJian-Guo HouChuan-Liang XuJiao-Ti HuangYing-Hao Sun
Intratumour heterogeneity is a longstanding field of focus for both researchers and clinicians. It refers to the diversity amongst cells within the same tumour. Two major hypotheses have attempted to explain the existence of intratumour heterogeneity： （i） the clonal evolution （CE） theory and （ii） the cancer stem cell （CSC） model. CE theory emphasizes the evolutionary biological characteristics of the tumour, underscoring the initiation and progression of the disease. In contrast, the CSC model focuses on stem cell differentiation into distinct functions in order to stabilize the tumour microenvironment. Here we consider single-cell sequencing （SCS） as a newly developed technique for application to the investigation of intratumour heterogeneity and assess its relevance within research and clinical environments. Early detection of rare tumour cells, monitoring of circulating tumour cells （CTCs） and control of the occurrence of drug resistance are imoortant goals in early diagnosis, prognosis prediction and individualized medicine.
Prostate cancer （PCa） has become to have the highest incidence and the second mortality rate in western countries, affecting men＇s health to a large extent. Although prostate-specific antigen （PSA） was discovered to help diagnose the cancer in an early stage for decades, its specificity is relative low, resulting in unnecessary biopsy for healthy people and over-treatment for patients. Thus, it is imperative to identify more and more effective biomarkers for early diagnosis of PCa in order to distinguish patients from healthy populations, which helps guide an early treatment to lower disease-related mortality by noninvasive or minimal invasive approaches. This review generally describes the current early diagnostic biomarkers of PCa in addition to PSA and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of these biomarkers.
