Rill formation is the predominant erosion process in slope land in the Loess Plateau, China. This study was conducted to investigate rill erosion characteristics and their effects on runoff and sediment yielding processes under different slope gradients at a rate of 10°, 15°, 20° and 25° with rainfall intensity of 1.5 mm min-1 in a laboratory setting. Results revealed that mean rill depth and rill density has a positive interrelation to the slope gradient. To the contrary, width-depth ratio and distance of the longest rill to the top of the slope negatively related to slope gradient. All these suggested that increasing slope steepness could enhance rill headward erosion, vertical erosion and the fragmentation of the slope surface. Furthermore,total erosion tended to approach a stable maximum value with increasing slope, which implied that there is probably a threshold slope gradient where soil erosion begins to weaken. At the same time, the correlation analysis showed that there was a close connection between slope gradient and the variousindices of soil erosion: the correlation coefficients of slope gradient with maximal rill depth, number of rills and the distance of the longest rill from the top of the slope were 0.98, 0.97 and-0.98, respectively,indicating that slope gradient is the major factor of affecting the development of rills. Furthermore,runoff was not sensitive to slope gradient and rill formation in this study. Sediment concentration,however, is positively related to slope gradient and rill formation, the sediment concentrations increased rapidly after rill initiation, especially. These results may be essential for soil loss prediction.
HE Ji-junSUN Li-yingGONG Hui-liCAI Qiang-guoJIA Li-juan
In this paper,the process of wind erosion on two kinds of soil from the agro-pastoral area of Inner Mongolia are studied using wind tunnel experiments,considering the wind speed,blown angle of wind and soil moisture content.The results showed that the modulus of soil wind erosion increases with an increase of wind speed.When the wind speed exceeds a critical value,the soil wind erosion suddenly increases.The critical speed for both kinds of soil is within the range of 7-8m·s-1.For a constant wind speed,the rate of soil wind erosion changes from increasing to falling at a critical soil slope.The critical slope of loam soil and sandy loam soil is 20° and 10°,respectively.Soil moisture content has a significant effect on wind erosion.Soil wind erosion of both soils decreases with an increase of the soil water content in two treatments,however,for treatment two,the increasing trends of wind erosion for two soils with the falling of soil water content are no significant,especially for the loam soil,and in the same soil water content,the wind erosion of two soils in treatment one is significantly higher than treatment two,this indicates reducing the disturbance of soil surface can evidently control the soil wind erosion.
利用模拟降雨试验,采用2个雨强(1.5 mm min-1,2.0 mm min-1),4个坡度(10°,15°,20°,25°),对杨凌土细沟发育的特征及其坡面流速分布规律进行了研究。结果表明,坡度增加会造成细沟溯源侵蚀及下切侵蚀的加剧,但随着坡度的增加,总侵蚀量的增幅趋于平缓,暗示可能存在坡面侵蚀量由强转弱的临界坡度。坡度与各侵蚀指标间均表现出极显著的相关性,说明坡度是影响细沟发育的主要因素,细沟侵蚀量与总侵蚀量也表现为极显著的相关性,相关系数高达0.97,说明坡面侵蚀加剧主要由细沟侵蚀引起。坡面流速、细沟间及细沟流速与距坡顶距离有较好的正相关关系,雨强增加会加剧这种趋势的波动性,同时坡度对坡面、细沟间及细沟流速的影响不大,且各流速间也没有明显的大小关系,这与一般认为的细沟流速高于细沟间流速的观点不同,这也是今后试验过程中需要进一步验证的部分。
