In order to classify the gears and achieve high precision measurement results,a non-contact gear measurement system based on the laser vision is developed in this paper.The laser vision precision measurement method(LVPMM) is proposed to ensure the accuracy.Experimental results indicate that the gear measuring uncertainty is 2.1 μm.The precision can satisfy the gear measurement requirements for two-grade or under two-grade standard gears in industry,and can classify the gears very well.
In order to get the entire data in the optical measurement, a multi-view three-dimensional(3D) measurement method based on turntable is proposed. In the method, a turntable is used to rotate the object and obtain multi-view point cloud data, and then multi-view point cloud data are registered and integrated into a 3D model. The measurement results are compared with that of the sticking marked point method. Experimental results show that the measurement process of the proposed method is simpler, and the scanning speed and accuracy are improved.
To achieve accurate measurements, the creating a fitting hole for internal diameter(CFHID) measurement method and the establishing multi-sectional curve for external diameter(EMCED) measurement method are proposed in this paper, which are based on computer vision principle and three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction. The methods are able to highlight the 3D characteristics of the scanned object and to achieve the accurate measurement of 3D data. It can create favorable conditions for realizing the reverse design and 3D reconstruction of scanned object. These methods can also be applied to dangerous work environment or the occasion that traditional contact measurement can not meet the demands, and they can improve the security in measurement.
A novel technique for calibrating crucial parameters of chassis components is proposed,which utilizes the machine vision metrology to measure 3D coordinates of the center of a component's hole for assembling in the 3D world coordinate system.In the measurement,encoding marks with special patterns will be assembled on the chassis component associated with cross drone and staff gauge located near the chassis.The geometry and coordinates of the cross drone consist of two planes orthogonal to each other and the staff gauge is in 3D space with high precision.A few images are taken by a highresolution camera in different orientations and perspectives.The 3D coordinates of 5 key points on the encoding marks will be calculated by the machine vision technique and those of the center of the holes to be calibrated will be calculated by the deduced algorithm in this paper.Experimental results show that the algorithm and the technique can satisfy the precision requirement when the components are assembled,and the average measurement precision provided by the algorithm is 0.0174 mm.
In the three-dimensional(3D) contour measurement,the phase shift profilometry(PSP) method is the most widely used one.However,the measurement speed of PSP is very low because of the multiple projections.In order to improve the measurement speed,color grating stripes are used for measurement in this paper.During the measurement,only one color sinusoidal fringe is projected on the measured object.Therefore,the measurement speed is greatly improved.Since there is coupling or interference phenomenon between the adjacent color grating stripes,a color correction method is used to improve the measurement results.A method for correcting nonlinear error of measurement system is proposed in this paper,and the sinusoidal property of acquired image after correction is better than that before correction.Experimental results show that with these correction methods,the measurement errors can be reduced.Therefore,it can support a good foundation for the high-precision 3D reconstruction.
An optical hydrogen sulfide(H_2S) sensor based on wavelength modulation spectroscopy with the second harmonic(2f) corrected by the first harmonic(1f) signal(WMS-2f/1f) is developed using a distributed feedback(DFB) laser emitting at 1.578 μm and a homemade gas cell with 1-m-long optical path length. The novel sensor is constructed by an electrical cabinet and an optical reflecting and receiving end. The DFB laser is employed for targeting a strong H_2S line at 6 336.62 cm^(-1) in the fundamental absorption band of H_2S. The sensor performance, including the minimum detection limit and the stability, can be improved by reducing the laser intensity drift and common mode noise by means of the WMS-2f/1f technique. The experimental results indicate that the linearity and response time of the sensor are 0.999 26 and 6 s(in concentration range of 15.2—45.6 mg/m^3), respectively. The maximum relative deviation for continuous detection(60 min) of 30.4 mg/m^3 H_2S is 0.48% and the minimum detection limit obtained by Allan variance is 79 μg/m^3 with optimal integration time of 32 s. The optical H_2S sensor can be applied to environmental monitoring and industrial production, and it has significance for real-time online detection in many fields.
The registration of point cloud is important for large object measurement.A measurement method for coordinate system transformation based on robot is proposed in this paper.Firstly,for obtaining extrinsic parameters,the robot moves to three different positions to capture the images of three targets.Then the transformation matrix X between camera and tool center point(TCP) coordinate systems can be calculated by using the known parameters of robot and the extrinsic parameters,and finally the multi-view coordinate system can be transformed into robot coordinate system by the transformation matrix X.With the help of robot,the multi-view point cloud can be easily transformed into a unified coordinate system.By using robot,the measurement doesn't need any mark.Experimental results show that the method is effective.
A high-precision vision detection and measurement system using mobile robot is established for the industry field detection of motorcycle frame hole and its diameter measurement. The robot path planning method is researched, and the non-contact measurement method with high precision based on visual digital image edge extraction and hole spatial circle fitting is presented. The Canny operator is used to extract the edge of captured image, the Lagrange interpolation algorithm is utilized to determine the missing image edge points and calculate the centroid, and the least squares fitting method is adopted to fit the image edge points. Experimental results show that the system can be used for the high-precision real-time measurement of hole on motorcycle frame. The absolute standard deviation of the proposed method is 0.026 7 mm. The proposed method can not only improve the measurement speed and precision, but also reduce the measurement error.
A calibration method for the five essential parameters is proposed. Using the calibration results, the three dimensional (3D) reconstruction can be performed directly. The five essential parameters include the distance between the camera and the projector, the distance between the reference plane and the camera, the fundamental frequency of the fringe pattern, the scale factor from the image coordinates to the world coordinate system in X axis direction and that in Y axis direction. The proposed calibration method is implemented and tested in our 3D reconstruction system. The mean calibration error is found to be 0.0215 mm over a volume of 400 mm (H)×300 mm (V)×500 mm (D). The proposed calibration method is accurate and useful for the 3D reconstruction system.
In order to realize the online measurement of lamp dimension,the bulb image dimension measurement based on vision(BIDMV)is proposed.The image of lamp is obtained by camera.After image processing,such as Otsu algorithm,median filter,ellipse fitting and envelope rectangle fitting,the dimension of lamp can be calculated.Based on this method,a non-contact real-time measurement system of the lamp’s dimension is developed.The precision of the proposed method is 0.07 mm,and it can satisfy the tolerance of the National Standard GB15766.1-2008.The experiment results show that the proposed method has a faster measuring speed and a higher precision compared with other measurement methods.
