近年来,高时空分辨率的全球导航卫星系统(GNSS)观测信号已成为电离层研究的重要资源.利用GNSS研究电离层,需首先将观测资料转换成包含电离层信息的可观测量(Ionospheric Observables,称之为"电离层观测值").目前,最常用的电离层观测值一般采用联合无几何影响组合的码和相位观测,利用相位平滑伪距方法计算得到(称之为"平滑电离层观测值"),但该过程易受平滑弧段长度和与测站有关的误差(如多路径效应和观测噪声)的影响.本文提出利用精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning,PPP)提取电离层观测值(称之为"PPP电离层观测值",形式与平滑电离层观测值相同).与相位平滑伪距相比,IGS发布的卫星轨道、钟差产品可被PPP合理利用,从而有效减少了待估参数,使得电离层观测值的估计精度得到改善.基于短基线和零基线实验,通过考察两类电离层观测值的站间单差结果在各卫星弧段间的离散程度,验证了PPP电离层观测值的可靠性:以某两天的短基线实验结果为例,与测站有关的误差对PPP电离层观测值的影响分别为对平滑电离层观测值影响的44.4%和35.7%,表明PPP电离层观测值更利于高精度电离层建模、预报等研究.
提出并实现了一种基于广播星历和区域参考网的实时精密单点定位的新算法——NAPPP(network augmented precise point positioning)。采用可实时获取的广播星历,将用户站与附近的若干参考站一起联合处理,实时估计用户站位置参数以及导航卫星轨道和钟差改正数。实验结果表明,NAPPP算法静、动态实时定位精度分别为1～2cm和2～6cm,其定位精度和收敛速度明显优于基于IGS最终轨道和30s钟差的PPP定位结果,与基于CODE最终轨道和5s钟差的PPP定位结果相当。
Tropospheric delay is one of the main sources of measurement error in global navigation satellite systems.It is usually compensated by using an empirical correction model.In this paper,temporal and spatial variations of the global zenith tropospheric delay(ZTD) are further analyzed by ZTD time series from global International GNSS Service stations and annual ZTDs derived from global National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis data,respectively.A new ZTD correction model,named IGGtrop,is developed based on the characteristics of ZTD.Experimental results show that this new 3D-grid-based model that accommodates longitudinal as well as latitudinal variations of ZTD performs better than latitude-only based models(such as UNB3,EGNOS,and UNB3m).The global average bias and RMS for IGGtrop are about-0.8 cm and 4.0 cm,respectively.Bias values for UNB3,EGNOS,and UNB3m are 2.0,2.0,and 0.7 cm,respectively,and respective RMS values 5.4,5.4,and 5.0 cm.IGGtrop shows much more consistent prediction errors for different areas than EGNOS and UNB3m,In China,the performance of IGGtrop(bias values from-2.0 to 0.4 cm and RMS from 2.1 to 6.4 cm) is clearly superior to those of EGNOS and UNB3m.It is also demonstrated that IGGtrop biases vary little with height,and its RMS values tend to decrease with increasing height.In addition,IGGtrop generally estimates ZTD with greater accuracy than EGNOS and UNB3m in the Southern Hemisphere.
Here we propose a method for extracting line-of-sight ionospheric observables from GPS data using precise point positioning(PPP).The PPP-derived ionospheric observables(PIOs) have identical form with their counterparts obtained from leveling the geometry-free GPS carrier-phase to code(leveling ionospheric observables,LIOs),and are affected by the satellite and receiver inter-frequency biases(IFBs).Based on the co-location experiments,the effects of extracting error arising from the observational noise and multipath on the PIOs and the LIOs are comparatively assessed,and the considerably reduced effects ranging from 70% to 75% on the PIOs with respect to the LIOs can be verified in our case.In addition,based on 26 consecutive days' GPS observations from two international GNSS service(IGS) sites(COCO,DAEJ) during disturbed ionosphere period,the extracted PIOs and LIOs are respectively used as the input of single-layer ionospheric model to retrieve daily satellite IFBs station-by-station.The minor extracting errors underlying the PIOs in contrast to the LIOs can also be proven by reducing day-to-day scatter and improving between-receiver consistency in the retrieved satellite IFBs values.
提出利用GPS参考网估计电离层延迟、卫星相位偏差的算法,用于实现区域内精密单点定位(Precise Point Positioning,PPP)的整周模糊度快速固定.利用站间距约为100～200km的参考网进行实验,结果表明:电离层延迟的内插和外推精度均优于1dm,卫星相位偏差估值的日内变化不超过0.2周;此外,单天内不同时刻始,固定PPP整周模糊度所需时长最多不超过10min,且当模糊度成功固定后,三维位置解较之相应浮点解的精度改善优于80%.新算法可望解决PPP普遍存在的收敛时间过长问题,增强了PPP技术的实用性.
