Sensitized-emission fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) detection method based on three- channel fluorescence microscopy is widely used. Several FRET algorithms, such as NFRET, FRETN, FR, FRETR, and FC/Df, are developed recently to quantitatively gauge and compare FRET signals between different experimental groups. However, the algorithms are difficult to choose and interpret. In this letter, we optimize the suitable yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) to cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) concentration ratio range for the above FRET algorithms. We also test the effect of YFP-to-CFP concentration ratio on the calculated energy transfer efficiency E and use the optimized FRET algorithms in the analysis of fas-associated protein with death domain (FADD) self-association directly in living cells.
采用噬菌体展示肽库技术筛选雷公藤内酯醇的靶蛋白,得到了一个肽段,并通过酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)和免疫共沉淀验证了该片段对雷公藤内酯醇的结合特异性。用Basic Local Alignment Search Tool(BLAST)进行序列对比后,找到了77个匹配序列,其中最为匹配的序列是人类类固醇生成因子-1(hSF-1),因此hSF-1可能是雷公藤内酯醇的一个潜在受体。在大肠杆菌中表达纯化了hSF-1的配体结合域(LBD),荧光光谱实验表明雷公藤内酯醇对hSF-1-LBD有荧光淬灭作用、等温滴定量热(ITC)实验表明雷公藤内酯醇与hSF-1-LBD发生焓驱动的特异性结合,表面等离子体共振(SPR)实验表明雷公藤内酯醇可以与hSF-1-LBD剂量依赖性结合,这些都证实了hSF-1与雷公藤内酯醇存在特异性相互作用。
目的应用虚拟筛选方法预测雷公藤内酯醇作用靶标,以期阐明雷公藤治疗银屑病机制。方法根据银屑病的病理学特征,从PDTD(Potential Drug Target Database)数据库中筛选到的一批与雷公藤内酯醇可能发生相互作用的蛋白质中,选取视黄酸结合蛋白2、Caspase-1、蛋白S100-A9、视黄酸受体-alpha、视黄酸受体-beta、视黄酸受体-gamma、VEGFR以及血管生成素-1受体等8种可能与银屑病治疗相关的蛋白质靶标,利用Autodock 4.2分子对接软件,对雷公藤内酯醇与上述蛋白质靶标进行了逐一的精细对接和分析。结果通过比较其结合自由能、预测其抑制常数,并分析雷公藤内酯醇与蛋白质靶标的相互作用,发现雷公藤内酯醇与视黄酸结合类蛋白的相互作用最为强烈。结论雷公藤内酯醇治疗银屑病的药理学机制可能与视黄酸相关信号通路有关,我们的研究为进一步的药理学机制研究奠定了基础.