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国家自然科学基金(40572122)

作品数:12 被引量:276H指数:8
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12 条 记 录,以下是 1-10
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喀喇昆仑断裂带走滑过程中伴随的快速隆升作用:热年代学证据被引量:14
2008年
喀喇昆仑断裂带是青藏高原西部的一条大型右旋走滑断裂带,它是喜马拉雅山脉西段北侧重要的地质边界。本文在岩石学、变形构造的研究基础上,对喀喇昆仑断裂带东南段阿伊拉日居山—噶尔盆地地区的喀喇昆仑韧性剪切带中变质岩石的同构造矿物进行了^(40)Ar/^(39)Ar热年代学研究。显微构造研究表明,剪切带中的矿物记录了从高温(>600℃)到低温(<250℃)条件下的连续变形,表现为近水平的右旋剪切运动转变成斜向的右旋正滑,使绿片岩相的变形作用叠加在中-高温变形之上,暗示出走滑过程中存在隆升作用,热年代学结果显示其连续剪切变形作用从早中新世以来至少持续到4Ma,并且出现三个快速冷却阶段:第一个快速冷却阶段为从25~22Ma 到21~18Ma 期间,可能代表的是浅部高温剪切过程中变形局部停止或减慢的过程;第二个快速冷却时期为从15Ma 到12~10Ma,是喀喇昆仑断裂带走滑过程中,阿伊拉日居山的快速隆升、噶尔盆地开始形成以及主要河流深切过程阶段;9Ma 以来是第三个快速冷却过程,使阿伊拉日居山脉进一步快速隆升、噶尔盆地定形过程。根据不同年代地表地貌特征的右旋错位距离以及不同层次变形特征,估算出喀喇昆仑断裂带长期滑移速率为8~10mm/a,伴随的隆升速率为1mm/a。从显微构造和热年代学证据表明,晚第四纪以来该断裂经历了强烈的右旋走滑运动的同时伴随强烈的隆升作用。
李海兵VALLI FranckARNAUD Nicolas陈松永许志琴TAPPONNIER PaulLACASSIN Robin司家亮邱祝礼
关键词:走滑断裂热年代学冷却历史隆升
活动断裂的变形特征及其大地震复发周期的估算被引量:22
2008年
活动断裂是晚更新世10-12万年以来一直在活动,现在正在活动,未来一定时期内仍会发生活动的各类断裂。活动断裂控制着大地震的发生,是不同类型地震的发震构造。从活动断裂的变形特征来看,不同性质的活动断裂具有不同的发震构造模型,研究这些问题对认识强震的发震条件,划分潜在的震源区或地震危险区,评估发震构造和发震地点具有重要的意义。基于国内外对不同类型活动断裂的认识,结合近10年来在青藏高原地区对活动断裂的研究,总结了活动断裂的基本变形特征和对大地震复发周期估算的认识。研究表明,东昆仑断裂库塞湖段类似2001年Ms8.1级大地震的强震复发周期为250-350年,阿尔金断裂康西瓦段类似Ms7.4级大地震的强震复发周期为370-500年,而在青藏高原东缘的龙门山地区,类似2008年5月12日Ms8.0级汶川大地震的强震复发周期为3000-6000年。这些结果可能暗示着走滑断裂大地震的复发周期远短于逆冲断裂大地震的长复发周期,这是值得高度重视和深入研究的新课题。
李海兵司家亮潘家伟邱祝礼孙知明裴军令
关键词:滑移速率特征地震复发周期
青藏高原西北缘晚新生代的隆升特征——来自西昆仑山前盆地的沉积学证据被引量:29
2007年
对西昆仑北缘山前盆地新生代沉积特征的研究结果表明,沿西昆仑山前发育的各沉积序列的垂向特征相似:古新世—中新世早期为石膏层、含瓣腮化石的石灰岩和紫红色较细粒的碎屑岩沉积,指示了海相和海陆过渡相较平静的沉积环境;中新世晚期—上新世初期开始出现陆相磨拉石,指示了陆相非平静的沉积环境,砾石的直径由下至上呈增大趋势,可能反映了西昆仑山体不断隆升,其间相对稳定的层段可能是构造运动间歇期或平稳期的沉积,指示了脉动式的隆升模式;磨拉石底部砾石的成分以沉积岩为主,向上火成岩和变质岩砾石逐渐增多,表明剥蚀程度不断加深。根据磨拉石建造的特征,判断剥蚀量和剥蚀强度自西向东有减小和变弱的趋势,可能暗示了西昆仑山晚新生代隆升有自西向东由强变弱的过渡特征。该结论与本区构造地貌学的研究结果一致。
司家亮李海兵Laurie BARRIERJerome VAN DER WOERD孙知明裴军令潘家伟
关键词:晚新生代西昆仑山隆升
始新统—渐新统界线全球变冷事件在柴达木盆地中的记录被引量:5
2007年
以高分辨率磁性地层学为基础,精确地厘定了柴达木盆地西北缘红三旱剖面上、下干柴沟组沉积地层的时代、沉积速率,揭示出36Ma前后柴达木盆地经历了一次短暂的构造活动引起的沉积速率增大,与60~40Ma期间印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞造成阿尔金断裂再次强烈活化,促使柴达木盆地西北缘山脉形成紧密相关。综合分析沉积物的岩相学、砂岩成分、稳定同位素等与始新统—渐新统界线全球变冷事件的相关性,表明该地区的沉积物记录了始新统—渐新统界线全球变冷事件。
裴军令孙知明赵越王喜生李海兵
关键词:柴达木盆地磁性地层学
Uplift of Northwest Margin of Tibetan Plateau: Indicated by Zircon LA ICP-MS U-Pb Dating of Conglomerate from Mazartagh, Tarim Basin被引量:7
2009年
Radiometric age dating of detrital zircons is highly advantageous for analysis of the depositional environment and to identify source areas. Aiming at the uplift and denudation of the surrounding ranges, LA ICP-MS U-Pb analysis has been performed on zircon grains from a conglomerate collected at the Lower Pliocene of Mazartagh, which is in the center of the Tarim basin, Xinjiang (新疆), China. A wide range of ages mainly falling into three groups was yielded: 200-500, 800-1 100, and 1 800-2 000 Ma. Zircon features principally indicate magmatic origin. According to the comparison between the analyzed zircons with those from surrounding orogenic belts, the younger grains are mainly related to the west while the older ones are to the regions more eastward. The variations might imply the W-E propagation tectonic activation and uplift of the surrounding orogenic belts. The west segment uplifted and was denuded firstly, driven by the approximate W-E height difference, upon the denudation, transportation and deposition, acting as the source of young zircons analyzed. With the eastward spreading of tectonic movement, the segment more to the east rose, the meridional relief increased rapidly and began to control the flow direction, then more zircons joined in the Pliocene in Mazartagh. It is difficult to definitely explain the source of grains with similar values to that from the Altyn Mountain region, more detailed data and chronological ages with higher precision will be helpful for making more credible conclusion.
司家亮李海兵裴军令潘家伟
Digital Simulation on Convergence Tendency between Southwest Tienshan and Pamirs-West Kunlun Systems and Its Significance被引量:3
2009年
The collision between India plate and Eurasia continent 55 Ma ago caused the convergence between Southwest Tienshan and Pamirs tectonic systems, and conclusions by other researchers also suggest that the convergence will continue. Studies on the collision between these systems are helpful to the knowledge of the history and the tendency of the in-land tectonics since Cenozoic and are important in science and the real world as for environment changes, resources and energy reform, and forecast of earthquakes. For this reason, by means of digital modeling, on the basis of crustal shortening rate, crustal motion rate and data of physical properties of rocks, with the help of the FE (finite element) theory-based marc software, the United States, we address on the tendency of the convergence in this area in almost 10 Ma and draw a conclusion that the converged borders move northward and stretch southeast. The Southwest Tienshan will move more slowly and suffer less deformation than the Pamirs-West Kunlun (昆仑) system. The Pamirs-West Kunlun system will rotate counterclockwise while moving northward and extending westward.
邱祝礼李海兵裴军令
关键词:CONVERGENCE
阿尔金断裂带康西瓦段晚第四纪以来的左旋滑移速率及其大地震复发周期的探讨被引量:41
2008年
在高分辨率Ikonos卫星影像(1m分辨率)分析基础上,结合野外考察和定量测量,详细研究了阿尔金断裂带西段康西瓦段三十里营房地区晚第四纪以来的变形特征,在三十里营房东侧塔尔萨依吉勒尕河下游地区,断裂切割了一系列发育完好的冲积扇和阶地。6级不同阶地陡坎和邻近冲积扇面上冲沟的左旋位错量分别为251±4m,250±5m,198±4m,22±2m,12±Im和约6m。T2表面的放弃年龄约10.9±0.2ka(^10Be)所限定的位错量22~200m,得到左旋滑移速率为2—18mm/a;而T4阶地的最大累积位错可能达500m,暗示的左旋滑移速率约4—5mm/a。最近一次大地震造成的最新地貌左旋水平位错量约6m,该地震同震地表破裂带沿喀拉喀什河谷延伸长达100km,估算为Mw7.4地震,约12m的位错量可能是公元975—1020年(AMS^14C)以来最近两次大地震的累积同震地表位错,约6m的特征滑移量暗示该地段发生类似约Mw7.4地震的复发周期约370—500a。这些结果表明,在青藏高原北缘,阿尔金断裂带西段为大型的左旋走滑断裂,它吸收了印度/欧亚大陆碰撞产生的较大部分应变,并使高原西部物质向东运移。
李海兵J.Van der Woerd孙知明A. -S. MériauxP. TapponnierF. J. Ryerson司家亮潘家伟
关键词:晚第四纪滑移速率地震复发周期阿尔金断裂带
Evidence for Tibetan Plateau Uplift in Qaidam Basin before Eocene–Oligocene Boundary and Its Climatic Implications被引量:8
2009年
Geometry analysis of the Hongsanhan (红三旱) Section in the northwestern Qaidam basin illustrates the typical growth strata in the Xiaganchaigou (下干柴沟) Formation. The age and sedimentation rates of the Xiaganchaigou and the Shangganchaigou (上干柴沟) formations were determined by the high-resolution magnetostratigraphy. This result shows that the growth strata began to form at ca. 38.0 Ma and increased sedimentation rates occurred at ca. 37.0 Ma. The uplift of the Tibetan plateau before the Eocene-Oligocene boundary is confirmed, which enables us to better understand the relationship between climatic changes and the tectonic uplift. This uplift event could have resuited in the regional drying by blocking the moisture and contributed to the Eocene-Oligocene boundary global cooling event due to the declining atmospheric CO2 concentrations by increased weathering of the mountains.
裴军令孙知明王喜生赵越葛肖虹郭新转李海兵司家亮
汶川地震(Ms8.0)地表建筑体变形特征及其构造意义被引量:8
2009年
通过汶川地震震区大量的实地考察已证实沿着早先活动断裂主要发育了两条地表破裂带:一条是沿着映秀-北川断裂产生的逆冲伴随右旋走滑破裂带,长275km,最大垂直位移达11m,水平位移达12m;另一条纯逆冲性质的破裂带,沿着灌县-安县断裂发育,最大垂直位移达4m。活动断裂之上的地表破裂带是野外工作中确定地震断裂性质的重要现象。另外,在活动断裂相邻区域和远离区域的路面以及建筑体还大量存在变形现象。通常沿活动断裂产生的地表破裂是典型的同震破裂,相邻区域的地表路面及建筑体发育的变形属于次生变形,远离区域发育的变形则属于震后变形。对次生变形和震后变形测量数据的应用容易影响活动断裂特征的确定和性质的判断,因为路面等建筑体上的挤压拱起、叠置以及水平错断等现象多是受到地震过程中通过断裂活动突然释放的巨大能量作用在局部地表建筑体产生的变形。但是,分布广泛的挤压现象暗示了区域上挤压应力场环境,有利于地表同震破裂位置的推测及地震断裂性质的判断。
裴军令李海兵司家亮邱祝礼孙知明
关键词:汶川地震
Initial movement of the Karakorum Fault in western Tibet:constraints from SHRIMP U-Pb dating of zircons被引量:6
2007年
The Karakorum Fault zone(KFZ)plays an important role in understanding the formation,evolvement and deformation of the Tibetan Plateau.The high-T dextral shearing metamorphic rocks,e.g.,mylonites or mylonitized gneisses-granites,locally crop out along the southeastern part of the KFZ in the Ayila Ri’gyüRange area.The SHRIMP U-Pb dating of the syn-kinematic crystallized zircons indicates that the initial age of the KFZ is^27 Ma,~10 Ma older than previous results.The extensive high-T dextral shearing along the KFZ started at least at 27-20 Ma,accompanied by the syn-kinematic emplacement of leuco-granites.Deformation and concomitant fluid circulation during shearing most likely occurred as early as at 25-13 Ma.The KFZ probably grew from southeast to northwest along the fault as a result of continuous convergence between the India plate and Eurasia plate.
LI HaiBingFranck VALLILIU DunYiXU ZhiQinYANG JingSuiNicolas ARNAUDPaul TAPPONNIERRobin LACASSINCHEN SongYongQI xuexiang
关键词:SHRIMPU-PB测年
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