土壤有机碳及其活性组分能够敏感地反映土壤碳库的变化。调查采集杭州湾自然滩涂湿地土壤样品（0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm），比较分析芦苇、互花米草、海三棱藨草、裸滩的土壤有机碳（SOC）、水溶性有机碳（DOC）、易氧化碳（ROC）和轻组有机质（LFOM）的变化。结果表明：（1）0~30 cm各土层，芦苇、互花米草、海三棱藨草和裸滩的SOC平均含量依次为3.87~5.08 g kg-1，6.46~6.78 g kg-1，4.33~4.48 g kg-1和4.99~5.25 g kg-1，互花米草SOC含量高于相同土层的其他类型；（2）互花米草DOC和LFOM平均含量分别为90.69~98.90 mg kg-1，2.35~2.95 g kg-1，高于相同土层的海三棱藨草、芦苇和裸滩，而裸滩ROC含量（2.06~2.22 g kg-1）却高于相同土层的其他三种类型；（3）芦苇、互花米草和海三棱藨草DOC占土壤有机碳的分配比例无显著性差异，而相同土层的DOC占土壤有机碳的分配比例大小依次为裸滩〉海三棱藨草〉芦苇〉互花米草；（4） SOC和DOC、ROC、LFOM、全氮（TN）、土壤含水量、pH之间均存在极显著关系（p〈0.01），各指标与pH之间均表现为负相关性。研究表明互花米草的入侵增强了滩涂湿地的固碳能力，有机碳活性组分能够反映有机碳库的变化。
Field experiments provide an opportunity to study the effects of fertilization on soil organic carbon(SOC) sequestration.We sampled soils from a long-term(25 years) paddy experiment in subtropical China.The experiment included eight treatments:(1) check,(2) PK,(3) NP,(4) NK,(5) NPK,(6) 7F:3M(N,P,K inorganic fertilizers+30% organic N),(7) 5F:5M(N,P,K inorganic fertilizers+50% organic N),(8) 3F:7M(N,P,K inorganic fertilizers+70% or-ganic N).Fertilization increased SOC content in the plow layers compared to the non-fertilized check treatment.The SOC density in the top 100 cm of soil ranged from 73.12 to 91.36 Mg/ha.The SOC densities of all fertilizer treatments were greater than that of the check.Those treatments that combined inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments had greater SOC densities than those receiving only inorganic fertilizers.The SOC density was closely correlated to the sum of the soil carbon converted from organic amendments and rice residues.Carbon sequestration in paddy soils could be achieved by balanced and combined fertilization.Fertilization combining both inorganic fertilizers and organic amendments is an effective sustainable practice to sequestrate SOC.
应用地统计学与地理信息系统相结合的方法,研究了杭州湾南岸慈溪市域内不同土层(0～20、20～40、40～60、60～80、80～100、0～100 cm)的土壤有机碳含量空间变异特征。结果表明:研究区各土层土壤有机碳平均含量变化范围为3.49～7.95 g kg-1,变异系数介于54.51%～67.34%之间,属中等程度变异;地统计分析得出块金效应变化范围为0.141～0.372,表现为较强空间自相关性;自表层至底层最优半方差模型依次为高斯、指数、指数、高斯和球状模型;Kriging插值结果显示各土层土壤有机碳含量自滩涂向内陆呈递增趋势,其中0～20 cm土层土壤有机碳含量呈平行于海岸线的带状分布;土壤有机碳含量随剖面深度增加呈递减规律;不同土地利用方式和不同围垦时期均增加了土壤有机碳的空间变异性。从研究结果看,慈溪市土壤有机碳空间异质性主要由结构性因素引起,研究结果可为了解杭州湾南岸土壤有机碳分布特征提供参考。
