Soil samples with clay content ranging from 15% to 31%, were taken from three debris flow gullies in Southwest China. Three debris flow slurry samples were prepared and tested with four measuring systems of an Anton Paar Physica MCR301 rheometer, including the concentric cylinder system,the parallel-plate system, the vane geometry, and the ball measuring system. All systems were smoothwalled. Flow curves were plotted and yield stress was determined using the Herschel-Bulkley model,showing differences among the different systems.Flow curves from the concentric cylinder and parallelplate systems involved two distinct regions, the low shear and the high shear regions. Yield stresses determined by data fitting in the low shear region were significantly lower than the values from the inclined channel test which is a practical method for determining yield stress. Flow curves in the high shear region are close to those from the vane geometry and the ball measuring system. The fitted values of yield stress are comparable to the values from the inclined channel test. The differences are caused by wall-slip effects in the low shear region.Vane geometry can capture the stress overshoot phenomenon caused by the destruction of slurry structure, whereas end effects should be considered in the determination of yield stress. The ball measuring system can give reasonable results, and it is applicable for rheological testing of debris flow slurries.
YANG Hong-juanWEI Fang-qiangHU Kai-hengZHOU Gong-danLYU Juan
The mean velocity estimation of debris flows, especially viscous debris flows, is an important part in the debris flow dynamics research and in the design of control structures. In this study, theoretical equations for computing debris flow velocity with the one-phase flow assumption were reviewed and used to analyze field data of viscous debris flows. Results show that the viscous debris flow is diffficult to be classified as a Newtonian laminar flow, a Newtonian turbulent flow, a Bingham fluid, or a dilatant fluid in the strict sense. However, we can establish empirical formulas to compute its mean velocity following equations for Newtonian turbulent flows, because most viscous debris flows are tur- bulent. Factors that potentially influence debris flow velocity were chosen according to two-phase flow theories. Through correlation analysis and data fitting, two empirical formulas were proposed. In the first one, velocity is expressed as a function of clay content, flow depth and channel slope. In the second one, a coefficient representing the grain size nonuniformity is used instead of clay content. Both formulas can give reasonable estimate of the mean velocity of the viscous debris flow.
泥石流浆体的黏度是泥石流运动模型中的重要参数。利用相对黏度-颗粒体积分数的计算方法得到浆体黏度需要最大体积分数这一关键参数。本文利用不同来源泥石流堆积物中的细颗粒部分配置浆体开展流变实验,研究最大体积分数的确定方法。首先利用Anton Paar MCR301流变仪的同心圆筒系统测量每个细颗粒土体在不同颗粒体积分数下的流变曲线,通过宾汉模型得到各样品的塑性黏度,进而计算其与同温度下清水的相对黏度。然后利用6个应用较为广泛的相对黏度-颗粒体积分数计算方法对实验数据进行拟合,对各方法拟合的最大体积分数进行比较,分析其与细颗粒土体的特征体积分数(随机疏松堆积体积分数、随机密实堆积体积分数、击实体积分数、沉积稳定体积分数)的关系。结果显示对于同一土体配置的浆体,不同计算方法拟合的最大体积分数有所不同,但是同一种方法得到的不同土体的最大体积分数与土体的击实体积分数存在显著的线性关系,据此建立了各计算方法中最大体积分数的经验计算式。此外还建立了浆体相对黏度与颗粒体积分数、击实体积分数之间的指数关系式,该式可用于估算中等浓度和高浓度浆体与清水的相对黏度。
