Methanethiol(MT) produced from terrestrial soils can have important effects on atmospheric chemistry and ecosystem-level processes, and it originates mainly from the metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids by microorganisms.Methanethiol producing bacteria(MPB) were enriched and isolated from agricultural soils in a modified basal medium containing methionine(Met) as the sole carbon source.The isolates were identified as Bacillus sp.WH-R1, WH-R2, and WH-R3; Arthrobacter sp.SZLB-W3; and Delftia sp.CHZG-R4 based on cell morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and 16 S r RNA sequence analysis.Delftia sp.CHZG-R4 was identified as a novel strain producing MT using Met as a precursor, and it had the most active MT-producing potential, with the production of MT being 21.8 μg at 30℃ and pH 7.0.Optimal MT production was observed at 35℃ and pH6.0, with 51.3% of sulfur content in Met being converted into MT.Under these conditions, MT production changed according to the supply of both carbon and nitrogen sources.The addition of 2 g L^(-1) each of starch, sucrose, urea, and potassium nitrate promoted MT production by more than 10%, whereas addition of 2 g L^(-1) each of ammonia sulfate and peptone decreased MT production by16% and 87%, respectively.This is the first study to report MT production by Delftia sp.CHZG-R4, providing useful information for the microbial mechanism of MT production from agricultural soils.Our findings also contribute to improving our knowledge of the function of Delftia sp.CHZG-R4.
LIU HuiSHI ChengfeiWU TingJIA QinaZHAO JuanWANG Xinming
Oxygenated volatile organic compounds（OVOCs） emitted from orange wastes during aerobic decomposition were investigated in a laboratory-controlled incubator for a period of two months. Emission of total OVOCs（TOVOCs） from orange wastes reached 1714 mg/dry kg（330 mg/wet kg）. Ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, 2-butanone and acetaldehyde were the most abundant OVOC species with shares of 26.9%, 24.8%, 20.3%, 13.9%, 2.8%and 2.5%, respectively, in the TOVOCs released. The emission fluxes of the above top five OVOCs were quite trivial in the beginning but increased sharply to form one ＂peak emission window＂ with maximums at days 1-8 until leveling off after 10 days. This type of ＂peak emission window＂ was synchronized with the CO2 fluxes and incubation temperature of the orange wastes, indicating that released OVOCs were mainly derived from secondary metabolites of orange substrates through biotic processes rather than abiotic processes or primary volatilization of the inherent pool in oranges. Acetaldehyde instead had emission fluxes decreasing sharply from its initial maximum to nearly zero in about four days,suggesting that it was inherent rather than secondarily formed. For TOVOCs or all OVOC species except 2-butanone and acetone, over 80% of their emissions occurred during the first week, implying that organic wastes might give off a considerable amount of OVOCs during the early disposal period under aerobic conditions.
A laboratory study was conducted to investigate volatile organic compound（VOC） emissions from agricultural soil amended with wheat straw and their associations with bacterial communities for a period of 66 days under non-flooded and flooded conditions. The results indicated that ethene, propene, ethanol, i-propanol, 2-butanol, acetaldehyde, acetone,2-butanone, 2-pentanone and acetophenone were the 10 most abundant VOCs, making up over 90% of the total VOCs released under the two water conditions. The mean emission of total VOCs from the amended soils under the non-flooded condition（5924 ng C/（kg·hr）） was significantly higher than that under the flooded condition（2211 ng C/（kg·hr））. One ＂peak emission window＂ appeared at days 0–44 or 4–44, and over 95% of the VOC emissions occurred during the first month under the two water conditions. Bacterial community analysis using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis（DGGE） showed that a relative increase of Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and γ-Proteobacteria but a relative decrease of Acidobacteria with time were observed after straw amendments under the two water conditions. Cluster analysis revealed that the soil bacterial communities changed greatly with incubation time, which was in line with the variation of the VOC emissions over the experimental period. Most of the above top 10 VOCs correlated positively with the predominant bacterial species of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Verrucomicrobia but correlated negatively with the dominant bacterial species of Actinobacteria under the two water conditions. These results suggested that bacterial communities might play an important role in VOC emissions from straw-amended agricultural soils.
Juan ZhaoZhe WangTing WuXinming WangWanhong DaiYujie ZhangRan WangYonggan ZhangChengfei Shi
