Mycotoxins,which are secondary metabolites produced by toxicogenic fungi,are natural food toxins that cause acute and chronic adverse reactions in humans and animals.The genus Fusarium is one of three major genera of mycotoxin‐producing fungi.Trichothecenes,fumonisins,and zearalenone are the major Fusarium mycotoxins that occur worldwide.Fusarium mycotoxins have the potential to infiltrate the human food chain via contamination during crop production and food processing,eventually threatening human health.The occurrence and development of Fusarium mycotoxin contamination will change with climate change,especially with variations in temperature,precipitation,and carbon dioxide concentration.To address these challenges,researchers have built a series of effective models to forecast the occurrence of Fusarium mycotoxins and provide guidance for crop production.Fusarium mycotoxins frequently exist in food products at extremely low levels,thus necessitating the development of highly sensitive and reliable detection techniques.Numerous successful detection methods have been developed to meet the requirements of various situations,and an increasing number of methods are moving toward highthroughput features.Although Fusarium mycotoxins cannot be completely eliminated,numerous agronomic,chemical,physical,and biological methods can lower Fusarium mycotoxin contamination to safe levels during the preharvest and postharvest stages.These theoretical innovations and technological advances have the potential to facilitate the development of comprehensive strategies for effectively managing Fusarium mycotoxin contamination in the future.
Zheng QuXianfeng RenZhaolin DuJie HouYe LiYanpo YaoYi An
Several fungal pathogens cause root rot of common bean,among which Fusarium spp.are the most common pathogens causing Fusarium root rot(FRR)worldwide.FRR has been becoming an increasingly severe disease of common bean in China,but the species of Fusarium spp.have remained unclear.Thus,this study was performed to identify the pathogen causing common bean root rot in Liangcheng County,Inner Mongolia,China.Nineteen Fusarium-like isolates were obtained after pathogen isolation and purification.The pathogenicity test indicated that eight isolates caused severe disease symptoms on common bean,while 11 other isolates were not pathogenic.The eight pathogenic isolates,FCL1–FCL8,were identified as Fusarium cuneirostrum by morphological characterization and phylogenetic analysis using partial sequences of EF-1α,ITS,28S,and IGS regions.Host range test showed that the representative F.cuneirostrum isolate FCL3 was also pathogenic to mung bean,while not pathogenic to adzuki bean,chickpea,cowpea,faba bean,pea,and soybean.Moreover,50 common bean and 50 mung bean cultivars were screened for resistance to FRR,and seven highly resistant or resistant cultivars of common bean were identified,while no resistant cultivars of mung bean were screened.This study revealed that F.cuneirostrum was one of common bean FRR pathogens in Inner Mongolia and it could induce mung bean root rot as well.To our knowledge,this is the first report of F.cuneirostrum causing FRR of common bean in China.
