在干旱地区,降水中的氢氧稳定同位素组成常受到雨滴云下二次蒸发作用的影响而发生改变。基于全球降水同位素网(GNIP)在我国西北东部站点的数据并结合气象数据,分析雨滴二次蒸发作用发生的条件、季节特征、影响因素以及对降水氢氧稳定同位素组成的影响规律。研究表明:在我国西北东部,当近地表水汽压差(VPD)等于0.52 k Pa时,降水中氢氧稳定同位素组成规律发生显著改变。当VPD>0.52 k Pa时,地区降水线(LMWL)的斜率和截距与全球降水线(GMWL)无显著差别,且氘剩余(d-excess)也与VPD不存在显著相关关系。然而,当VPD>0.52 k Pa时,LMWL的斜率和截距显著地小于GMWL,d-excess与VPD存在显著的负相关关系。表明当VPD<0.52 k Pa时,保留了云层中热力学平衡分馏特征,而当VPD>0.52 k Pa时,降水氢氧稳定同位素经历了动力学非平衡分馏过程——云下雨滴在降落过程中二次蒸发作用。根据Tetens公式,当气温(t)<7.0℃时,空气饱和水汽压不可能超过0.52 k Pa,所以,当t<7.0℃时不可能发生雨滴二次蒸发过程。这样,在温带干旱地区,在t较低的冬半年降水中的δ18O只存在显著的温度效应,而在t较高的夏半年降水中的δ18O同时存在温度和降水效应。
This study investigates water vapor isotopic patterns and controls over China using high-quality water vapor δD data retrieved from the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography （SCIAMACHY） observations. The results show that water vapor δD values on both annual and seasonal time-scales broadly exhibit a continental effect, with values largely decreasing northwestward from coastal lowlands to high-elevation mountainous regions. However, region-specific analysis reveals spatially distinct patterns of water vapor dD between seasons. In the monsoon domain （e.g., China south of 35~N）, depletion in D in the summer and fall seasons is closely tied to monsoon moisture sources （the Indian and Pacific oceans） and subsequent amount effect, but higher 8D values in winter and spring are a result of isotopically-enriched conti- nental-sourced moisture proceeded by less rainout. In contrast, farther inland in China （non-monsoon domain）, moisture is de- rived overwhelmingly from the dry continental air masses and local evaporation, and 8D values are largely controlled by the temperature effect, exhibiting a seasonality with isotopically enriched summer and depleted winter/spring. The observation that the spatial pattern of water vapor δD is the opposite to that of precipitation δD in the summer season also suggests that partial evaporation of falling raindrops is a key driver of water vapor isotope in the non-monsoon domain. This study highlights the importance of non-Rayleigh factors in governing water vapor isotope, and provides constraints on precipitation isotope inter- pretation and modern isotope hydrological processes over China.
LIU ZhongFangKei YOSHIMURACasey D.KENNEDYWANG XinHuiPANG ShuoGuang
