甜菜是世界上重要的经济作物之一,也是世界两大糖料作物之一。自1939年糖甜菜雄性不育现象发现及1942年和1945年有关甜菜细胞质雄性不育先后报道以来,利用雄性不育系制种成为甜菜育种家极其关注的问题。为此,各国陆续开展了甜菜细胞质雄性不育机理、不育系选育及利用等方面的研究并取得了一定的成果。针对甜菜细胞质雄性不育类型、表型性状、遗传学机制、生理生化特性及甜菜细胞质雄性不育利用几方面的研究进展进行综述,对于更好地选育甜菜细胞质雄性不育系并利用其配制优质高产杂交组合、科学合理利用甜菜种质资源具有深远影响。Sugar beet is one of the world’s important cash crops and one of the world’s two major sugar crops. Since the discovery of male sterility in sugar beet in 1939 and the reports of cytoplasmic male sterility in sugar beet in 1942 and 1945, the use of male sterility lines to produce seeds has become a problem of great concern to sugar beet breeders. Because of the above content, many countries have carried out research on the mechanism of cytoplasmic male sterility in sugar beet, as well as the selection and utilization of sterility lines, and have achieved certain results. The research progress in the types, phenotypic characters, genetic mechanism, physiological and biochemical characteristics and utilization of cytoplasmic male sterility in beet was reviewed. It is of great significance for better breeding of cytoplasmic male sterility lines in beet, preparation of high quality and high yield hybrid combinations and scientific and rational utilization of beet germplasm resources.
植物线粒体基因组内特殊的开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)导致植物不产生雄配子或产生的雄配子无法正常受精,这种现象被称为细胞质雄性不育(cytoplasmic male sterility,CMS)。CMS材料雄配子稳定败育的特性使其在杂交种商业化生产中一直扮演着重要角色,有效降低了制种成本,提高了杂交种纯度。随着对CMS现象研究的深入,新的CMS材料通过各种手段被不断创制出来,相关的不育基因也逐渐被定位和克隆。该文首先概述了目前对CMS基因进化的研究和常用CMS材料及其相关CMS基因的挖掘情况,随后总结了CMS材料在物质能量代谢、激素水平等方面的表型特点。同时整合了当前对CMS分子机制的几种假说,并结合实验证据提出对CMS分子机制的观点。以期在总结当前细胞质雄性不育研究的基础上对未来更加深入的理论和实验研究提供参考。
