酒精使用障碍(AUD)是全球范围内普遍存在的棘手问题,也是物质使用障碍中最为常见的类型。在神经影像学技术不断革新的背景下,多种无创成像技术逐渐兴起,它们被广泛应用于探究饮酒者大脑损伤特征、认知功能缺损情况以及成瘾的神经生物学机制。这些技术包括功能磁共振成像(fMRI)、脑电图(EEG),以及具有治疗潜力的经颅磁刺激(TMS)和经颅直流电刺激(tDCS),它们在AUD的诊断、预后评估和治疗中发挥着至关重要的作用。本文系统总结了这些技术的研究应用和相关发现,分析了当前研究的成果及其局限性,并通过整合组内和组间的研究成果,展望了未来研究方向,为更深入的饮酒者研究及治疗提供理论依据和指导。Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a widespread and challenging global issue and the most common type of substance use disorder. With continuous advancements in neuroimaging technologies, various non-invasive imaging techniques have emerged and been widely applied to investigate brain damage characteristics, cognitive deficits, and the neurobiological mechanisms of addiction in drinkers. These techniques include functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), as well as therapeutic potential methods such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). These technologies play a crucial role in the diagnosis, prognosis assessment, and treatment of AUD. This article systematically summarizes the research applications and relevant findings of these techniques, analyzes current research achievements and limitations, and, by integrating within-group and between-group studies, explores future research directions, providing theoretical support and guidance for deeper research and treatment of individuals with AUD.
