脑水肿是一种非特异性的大脑病理性肿胀,任何类型的神经损伤后都可能发展为局灶性或弥漫性脑水肿。脑水肿可继发于临床上各种颅脑损伤,其也是颅脑损伤患者入院后死亡或残疾的主要原因之一。颅内压(ICP)是颅内内容物(脑组织、血液、脑脊液)对颅腔侧壁产生的压力,脑水肿也被认为是颅内压(ICP)升高的常见原因之一,颅内高压是儿科常见的急危重症,所以脑水肿的早期识别和治疗是管理颅内病变的关键核心。本文主要探讨脑水肿监测在儿童神经内科疾病中的发展及应用。Cerebral edema is a nonspecific pathologic swelling of the brain that may develop into focal or diffuse cerebral edema after any type of neurological injury. Cerebral edema can occur secondary to a variety of clinical craniocerebral injuries, and it is also one of the leading causes of death or disability in patients with craniocerebral injuries on admission to the hospital. Intracranial pressure (ICP) is the pressure exerted by intracranial contents (brain tissue, blood, cerebrospinal fluid) against the lateral walls of the cranial cavity, and cerebral edema is also considered to be one of the common causes of elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Intracranial hypertension is a common acute and critical condition in pediatrics, so early identification and treatment of cerebral edema is a critical core of managing intracranial lesions. This article focuses on the development and application of cerebral edema monitoring in pediatric neurological disorders.