油田污水生态利用对改良西北地区盐碱化土壤、保持水土和降低污水外排环境影响有重要意义。由于油田污水成分复杂,基于某油田污水组成探究了芨芨草、梭梭、盐地碱蓬和沙棘在盐分、石油烃和化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand, COD)等主要特征污染物暴露下的耐受程度和生长状况。实验结果表明,不同荒漠植物幼苗在0.3~5.6 g/L盐胁迫下生长未受明显抑制,碱蓬抗盐能力最强;稠油主要通过对根部的毒害作用抑制幼苗生长;作为油田污水COD的重要组分,有机化学药剂抑制植物生长且对碱蓬抑制最显著。不同荒漠植物幼苗表现不同耐受能力,但均可耐受远高于石油烃和COD排放限值的暴露水平,为荒漠地区的油田污水生态利用提供科学依据。The ecological utilization of oilfield wastewater can help improve saline and alkaline soil, conserve soil and water, and reduce environmental impacts of wastewater in northwest China. Based on chemical compositions of an oilfield wastewater, this study investigated effects of salinity, petroleum hydrocarbon and chemical oxygen demand (COD) on seedling growth and survival of desert plants, including Achnatherum splendens, Haloxylon ammodendron, Suaeda salsa and Hippophae rhamnoides. The growth of plant seedlings was less influenced under salinity stress of 0.3~5.6 g/L, and Suaeda salsa exhibited strongest salinity tolerance. The toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons to roots largely accounted for the inhibition of seedling growth. Suaeda salsa seedlings were most sensitive to exposure of organic chemicals. Results showed these desert plant seedlings can tolerate exposure levels of petroleum hydrocarbons and COD much higher than emission limits, providing scientific support for ecological utilization of oilfield wastewater in desert areas.
