消化系统恶性肿瘤是一类由多因素影响的疾病,发病率和病死率均较高,致病机制尚不明确。转运RNA衍生的小RNA(tRNA-derived small RNA,tsRNA)作为一种新型的非编码小RNA受到广泛关注。根据tRNA上核酸酶切割位点的差异,tsRNA可分为tRNA半分子和tRNA衍生片段。大量研究已证实,tsRNA可通过调节靶基因或信号通路参与癌症的各种生物学过程。此外,tsRNA分布广泛、表达稳定,在肿瘤诊断和预后方面具有广阔的应用前景。本文介绍了tsRNA的起源和分类,总结了tsRNA在消化系统恶性肿瘤中的信号通路调控机制和功能失调作用,重点探讨了tsRNA作为消化系统恶性肿瘤诊断和预后生物标志物的临床前景,为将来相关癌症研究提供新思路。
Gastrointestinal malignancies encompass cancers of the esophagus,stomach,pancreas,liver,gallbladder,biliary tract,colon,and rectum.According to the 2020 global cancer statistics,gastrointestinal malignancies accounted for approximately 26.4%of all new cancer cases and 36.3%of new deaths(Text S1 online)[1–3].The high incidence and mortality of gastrointestinal malignancies pose a tremendous threat to human health.Despite significant strides in the management of advanced and metastatic gastrointestinal malignancies(Text S2 online),they frequently prove incurable,with 5-year survival rates consistently remaining<20%across various affected sites[4,5].Emerging evidence increasingly underscores the promising therapeutic potential of mRNA vaccines in the field of cancer treatment.mRNA vaccines offer several advantages over traditional strategies(Texts S3 and S4 online)[6–8].Here,we discuss the recent progress and future perspectives of m RNA vaccines in gastrointestinal malignancies.
