抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)已被列为新兴环境污染物,其传播和环境演变成为生态环境领域的重要研究主题。抗生素和重金属(HMs)作为两种典型污染物,在多种环境介质中普遍共存,容易导致抗生素与重金属的复合污染,会对微生物造成压力,从而显著诱导ARGs的传播。近年来,抗生素与重金属联合污染的问题愈发严重,特别是在抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)、重金属抗性基因(MRGs)、抗生素抗性细菌(ARB)以及抗生素–重金属复合物(AMCs)的生成和传播方面,对生态系统及人类健康构成了严重威胁。本综述深入分析了抗生素和重金属在环境中的主要来源、联合暴露机制、环境归宿、潜在风险及其防控策略等,旨在为未来的研究提供理论依据和决策参考。Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been listed as emerging environmental pollutants, and their transmission and environmental evolution have become important research topics in the field of ecological environment. Antibiotics and heavy metals (HMs), as two typical pollutants, commonly coexist in various environmental media, which can easily lead to compound pollution of antibiotics and heavy metals, causing pressure on microorganisms and significantly inducing the spread of ARGs. In recent years, the problem of combined pollution of antibiotics and heavy metals has become increasingly serious, especially in the generation and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs), antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARBs), and antibiotic heavy metal complexes (AMCs), posing a serious threat to ecosystems and human health. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the main sources, joint exposure mechanisms, environmental fate, potential risks, and prevention and control strategies of antibiotics and heavy metals in the environment, aiming to provide theoretical basis and decision-making references for future research.
