视觉工作记忆传统上是使用抽象的、无意义的刺激。尽管使用这种简化刺激的研究在理解视觉工作记忆机制方面有深刻的见解,但它们也可能限制了我们理解人们如何在现实世界中编码和存储概念丰富和有意义的刺激的能力。最近的研究表明,与现有知识相关的有意义的视觉刺激比抽象的颜色或形状更容易被记住,这表明意义可以释放额外的工作记忆能力。这些发现挑战了当前的视觉工作记忆模型,并表明它的能力不是固定的,而是取决于被记住的信息的类型,特别是这些信息如何与已存在的知识联系起来。Visual working memory is traditionally studied using abstract, meaningless stimuli. Although studies using such simplified stimuli have been insightful in understanding the mechanisms of visual working memory, they also potentially limit our ability to understand how people encode and store conceptually rich and meaningful stimuli in the real world. Recent studies have demonstrated that meaningful visual stimuli that connect to existing knowledge are better remembered than abstract colors or shapes, indicating that meaning can unlock additional working memory capacity. These findings challenge current models of visual working memory and suggest that its capacity is not fixed but depends on the type of information that is being remembered and, in particular, how that information connects to preexisting knowledge.
工作记忆与注意之间一直有着非常紧密的联系,关于工作记忆以及选择性注意的研究也是认知心理学中不可缺少的一部分。近些年来,工作记忆负荷对于个体注意偏向的影响也吸引了研究者们的目光。本研究通过点探测任务和变化觉察任务的结合探讨了不同视觉工作记忆负荷对不同视觉工作记忆容量个体注意偏向的影响,采取2 (视觉工作记忆容量) × 3 (视觉工作记忆负荷) × 2 (图片配对) × 2 (一致性)的混合设计。结论:(1) 存在视觉工作记忆负荷时,个体会出现对负性情绪刺激的注意回避和注意脱离困难;(2) 视觉工作记忆负荷越高,个体更容易发生注意解除困难以及注意回避;(3) 视觉工作记忆容量对注意偏向无显著影响。There has always been a very close connection between working memory and attention, and research into working memory and selective attention is an essential part of cognitive psychology. In recent years, the impact of working memory load on individual attention bias has also attracted the attention of researchers. This study explored the influence of different visual working memory loads on the attention bias of individuals with different visual working memory capacities by combining the point-probe task and change detection task. The study used a 2 (visual working memory capacity) × 3 (visual working memory load) × 2 (picture pair) × 2 (consistency) mixed design. The conclusions were as follows: (1) Individuals will experience difficulty in attention avoidance and disengagement from negative emotional stimuli when there is a visual working memory load. (2) The higher the visual working memory load, the more likely individuals are to experience difficulty in disengagement and attention avoidance. (3) Visual working memory capacity has no significant effect on attention bias.
