We present a semiclassical (SC) approach for quantum dissipative dynamics, constructed on basis of the hierarchical-equation-of-motion (HEOM) formalism. The dynamical components considered in the developed SC-HEOM are wavepackets' phase-space moments of not only the primary reduced system density operator but also the auxiliary density operators (ADOs) of HEOM. It is a highly numerically efficient method, meanwhile taking into account the high-order effcts of system-bath couplings. The SC-HEOM methodology is exemplified in this work on the hierarchical quantum master equation [J. Chem. Phys. 131, 214111 (2009)] and numerically demonstrated on linear spectra of anharmonic oscillators.
Rui-xue XuXue-cheng TaoYao WangYang LiuHou-dao ZhangYiJing Yan
随着激光器技术的发展,实验室中可获得的激光场强度不断增大,可以观测到各种高度非线性的实验现象,比如原子分子中的电子可以从强激光场中吸收比克服电离能需要的光子数更多的光子而发生电离,被称为阈上电离.这些非线性现象向量子力学的微扰理论提出了挑战,而精确求解含时薛定谔方程的方法只局限在少数的简单原子或分子,并且计算复杂.在这种情形下,基于电子轨迹的半经典理论由于其物理过程清晰、计算简单等优点应运而生,在强场光电离领域已经广泛应用.本文从原子分子电离的经典描述出发,介绍了半经典理论的发展.半经典理论结合了量子力学隧穿效应、电子经典的轨道描述以及量子的相位信息,能够很好地解释在强场隧穿区的各种实验现象.文中重点介绍两种已经发展得较为成熟的半经典方法,即量子轨道蒙特卡罗方法 (quantum trajectory Monte Carlo)和库仑修正下的强场近似方法 (Coulomb-corrected strong field approximation).这两种方法的优点在于同时考虑了电子轨迹的库仑势作用以及电子轨迹之间的干涉效应,能够通过追踪电子的运动轨迹对电离电子动量谱中各种结构的形成给出直观清晰的解释.