钴基钙钛矿阴极材料因其在结构稳定性、离子电导性和电催化活性方面的卓越表现,成为中温固体氧化物燃料电池(IT-SOFC)领域的研究热点。该类材料在测试温区内展现出高电导率和功率密度,然而,其较高的热膨胀系数(TEC)与电解质材料不匹配的问题限制了其应用。为解决这一问题,研究者们采取了掺杂改性和制备复合阴极两种方法。通过掺杂Nb、Ce、Cu等元素,有效降低了钴基钙钛矿阴极的热膨胀系数,同时保持了良好的电学性能。制备复合阴极则通过增大阴极三相界面的长度和提高催化活性,改善了热化学匹配性,降低了极化阻抗,提高了功率密度。本文综述了钴基钙钛矿和双钙钛矿阴极材料的研究进展,包括化学兼容性、热膨胀性能和电学性能等方面的表现,并提出了进一步优化掺杂元素和比例、制备高质量复合阴极材料等研究方向,以期提高钴基钙钛矿阴极材料的性能和SOFC的长期稳定性。未来,钴基钙钛矿阴极材料有望在SOFC领域发挥更加重要的作用。Cobalt-based perovskite cathode materials have emerged as a research hotspot in the field of intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (IT-SOFCs) due to their exceptional structural stability, ionic conductivity, and electrocatalytic activity. These materials exhibit high conductivity and power density within the tested temperature range. However, their application is limited by the mismatch between their high thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) and that of electrolyte materials. To address this issue, researchers have adopted two approaches: doping modification and the preparation of composite cathodes. By doping with elements such as Nb, Ce, Cu, and others, the TEC of cobalt-based perovskite cathodes has been effectively reduced while maintaining good electrical properties. The preparation of composite cathodes improves thermochemical compatibility, reduces polarization impedance, and enhances power den
